Solar cells represent now a dream of physicists and people to solve the energy problem. Silicon solar cells which are now a day widely used suffer from noticeable problems, like high cost and complex fabrication. There ...

Left-handed materials (LHMs) are artificial materials whose electric permittivity and magnetic permeability are both negative and consequently have negative index of refraction. Such materials, first studied theoretically ...

We consider the general nonlinear optimization problem defined as, minimize a nonlinear real-valued function of several variables, subject to a set of nonlinear equality and inequality constraints, this class of problems ...

We show the solutions of certain integral equations, by means of operators of arbitrary order, and fractional differintegral equations. Complete analysis of bounded variation penalty methods is shown for ill-posed problems ...

Twenty eight authentic samples from Acacia tortilis var. raddiana gum were collected as natural exudates from two locations in Sudan, (Abo shmal-south east of Khartoum and Algetana- south west of Khartoum) on February ...

We give jointly the needed relations between Riesz transforms and g- function for Laguerre expansions. We also stated and introduced aSobolev space for the Laguerre function system. Norm estimates for operators associated ...

We study the curvature invariant of a Hilbert module over the complex plain and for modules over free semigroup Algebras . The Berger-show theorem in the Hardy module over the Bidisk and Hilbert modules are considered . ...

Vitex doniana (subfamily Viticoideae) was chosen for this study because of its use in Sudanese folk medicine for the treatment of common disease as rheumatism, hypertension, cancer, anemia, stomach disorders, rickets, leprosy, ...

In this thesis different connections between free energy of the magnetic crystal and the Hamiltonian of the rare earth is established, Anisotropy energy transform form dependence on the direction cosines to dependence ...

Vector bundles are utilized in the study of physical fields . The connection of a fiber bundle corresponds to the gauge potential , and the physical field corresponds to the curvature of the fiber bundle . In this study ...