Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen is the one of the most important biologically
active compounds. Their molecules incorporate the core structure of some antiviral,
antibacterial, anticancer, antimalarial and antioxidant drug.
In the present research work a series of five and six membered heterocycle containing
nitrogen derived from chalcone were synthesized using sonochemistry and microwave
approach as powerful tools for acceleration of both chalconization reaction and hetero-
synthesis. These heterocycles include 2-amino 4,6-diaryl pyrimidine, 3,5-diaryl pyrazole, 3,5-
diaryl isoxazole have synthesised from 1,3-diaryl-1,one-3-en. The enones were made in basic
condition and under sonication for 1 hour; this condition has given moderate to good
percentage yield of 20-99.
The synthesis of heterocycles was carried out using a combination of ultrasound and
microwave irradiation. The reaction was performed using basic catalyst, and ethanol
as solvent. A moderate to good yield have afforded in a period of time between 10-30
minutes.
This work describes a novel approach of combining ultrasound and microwave
irradiation in heterocyclization reactions to overcome solubility constraints and long
reaction times.
Furthermore, the mechanism of reaction has investigated by the isolation and
characterization of two isoxazole intermediates, this investigation has demonstrated
that the products were formed through kinetic process.
