Spectroscopic Characterization of Leukemia Samples Using Laser Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

In this work Raman and FTIR spectroscopy were used for spectroscopic characterization of leukemia blood samples. Fifteen samples were collected from leukemia patient's types: acute, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute chronic myeloid leukemia. The patients were diagnosed by histopathologies in Radiation and Isotopes Center Khartoum (RICK) and Alamal Hospital. The analysis of the Raman spectra was done for the peaks of proteins: 1240-1310, 1548, 1655 ,3200 ,3700-3500 and 628 cm-1. These bands are attributed to α-helical of amid I, amid II, amid III, N-H bond of amid A and amid VI, respectively. Also the bands at 1120 and 835 cm -1 that are representing the strong C-N vibration bond of ribose and the vibration bond of CH2. Raman shift was recorded at wavenumber 1140 cm-1 which represents the stretching vibration of amino acid. The Raman shifts observed in the wavenumbers 2800, 1446 cm -1 and 2921cm-1 are attributed to lipids and C-H asymmetric vibration in fatty acid. The Raman shifts observed at 1310 and 1499 cm -1 represent the nucleic acid, the band at 779cm-1 represent the CH2 group of nucleic acid. Spectroscopic differences were noticed between normal and cancer samples using FTIR at (2091, 3450 cm-1) for lipids, (1548, 1650 cm-1) for proteins and (1170, 1303 cm-1) for nucleic acids. The intensities of leukemia samples peaks are increased compared with the intensities of peaks in normal blood samples recorded by FTIR spectrometer with no difference in position of the absorption lines. When comparing the two techniques, it can be concluded that the Raman spectroscopy has higher resolution and is more precise than FTIR spectroscopy. Both techniques can be used for diagnosis of leukemia blood samples efficiency.