Sosio_economic Aspect of bovin brucellosis in Kuku Dairy shceme

Abstract

The objective of this research is to quantify the impact of Brucellosis on Kuku Dairy ����ٍ scheme. Ecozoo model with introduction of some modifications was used as analytical framework. It provides the information needed to analyze the epidemiology of the disease in both animals and humans as well as the economic analysis. Epidemiological data required were obtained from primary sources. These include two seroprevalence surveys for cattle, personal communications were also used as a source of primary data. Two field surveys (including seroprevalence and socioeconomic surveys) were conducted during the period Jan- June 2004 . The Humans Brucellosis survey included 176 Volunteers from the population at risk. In the Bovine Brucellosis survey the sample design was based on two stages random sample design. In the first stage, holdings (the primary statistical units) were identified. Then the individual Animals (the Secondary Statistical units) were selected. The size of the primary Statistical units was calculated as 30.1 with α =0.05 and desired accuracy of (10) . The number of animals examined was 574. The laboratory diagnosis relied mainly on serological tests namely Rose –Bengal Test (RBT) as screening test and Competitive Enzyme linked Immuno- Sorbent Assay (cELISA) as confirmatory test. Tube agglutination test (TAT) was used as a routine test. 5 According to the confirmatory test : the herd prevalence rate is 90%, individual animal prevalence rate 24.9% and average within herd prevalence rate 24.5% (Sd 15.7 CI 4.088 at 95%). Based on c-Elisa human prevalence rate is 11.3% considering the seropositivity and 2.8% considering active brucella infection. Based on prevalence rates estimates on human parameters was found to be 18 active infected person in the baseline year and the infected cattle are 1508 head. These parameters were introduced into Ecozoo model. Data for DALYs calculation were obtained from primary sources as well as secondary sources. Based on the epidemiological and economic data the total cost of the disease in both dairy and health sectors was found to be 67126953.8 SD out of which 66910503.8 SD was the cost of the dairy sector and 216450SD was the cost of health sector. Accordingly, the dairy sector Shouldered 99.76 % of the cost, while the health sector Shouldered 0.33% of Brucellosis cost in the base line year. The burden of the disease was measured in DALYs. In the baseline year 18 persons were infected with Brucellosis . If we considered Brucellosis associated with level 0.1-disability weight, every infected person will loose 0.392659 year of his healthy life as a result of the infection. The total infected people will loose 7.067862 years of their healthy life. If the disease associated with level 0.2 disability weight, every infected person will loose 0.785318 years and the whole infected people will loose 14.13572 years of their healthy life. 6 Evolution of the disease over 11 years was investigated in two scenarios. In scenario 1 the total animal population was left to grow at the normal rates. In this case the number of seropositive animals will increase with growth rate of 103.2% followed by the increase in number of actively infected humans with growth rate of 27.8%. The total cost of the disease in both dairy and health sectors were found to be 1022123020SD (745547286 SD in PV) equivalent to 4088492.08 US$over the 11 years. The total loss of healthy years over the 11 years will account to 59.7 years (0.1 DW). And 119.4 years (0.2 DW). In Scenario 11 the total number of animals was held constant. In this case the number of seropositive animals will increase during the 11 years with growth rate of 258.1% Followed by the increase in number of actively infected humans with growth rate of 133%. The total cost of the disease in both dairy and health sectors was found to be 1414827570 SD (101505075 in PV) equivalent to 5655170.142US$ over the 11 years. The total loss of healthy years over the 11 years will account to 89.1 years (0.1 DW). And 178.3 years (0.2 DW). Most of the producers (80%) are well informed about the disease and its zoonotic nature, (53%) are well acquainted with the economic importance of the disease. All of them Support the idea of disease control. The study confirm the endimicity of the scheme with both human and bovine Brucellosis.and prove the economic loss due to disease both financial and its burden on human heath. 7 The study recommends intervention to control the disease. Adoption of Whole herd Vaccination policy was recommended. Simulation of different intervention strategies to analyze the cost and benefits will help policy makers in setting up their priorities