Abstract:
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 156 cattle in Rabak,
White Nile State, Sudan, during the period from marsh to June
2013. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of
paramphistomiasis in cattle and to investigate potential risk
factors associated with the disease. The overall prevalence of
cattle paramphistomiasis in White Nile state (Rabak) was found to
be 29.5% when tested by fecal sedimentation test and 53.2 %
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when tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
test.
In the current study, univariate analysis using the Chi- square,
with a confidence interval of 95% at a p-value of ≤0.25 was used
to identify potential risk factors associated with fecal
sedimentation test-positivity for paramphistomiasis infection in
cattle. Significant risk factors associated with fecal sedimentation
positive in the univariate analysis were found to be breed (X2 =
4.437, p = 0.035), body condition (X2 = 6.918, p = 0.009),
grazing type (X2 =6.367 , p = 0.012), snail presence (X2 =10.6 ,
p = 0.001), water bodies (X2 = 2.934, p = 0.231), knowledge of
owner about disease (X2 = 1.656, p = 0.198), manure disposal
(X2 = 3.508, p = 0.06), and other disease (X2 = 4.468, p =
0.035). Significant risk factors associated with being ELISA
positive in the univariate analysis were found to be sex (X2 =
2.725, p = 0.112), water source(X2 = 5.166, p =
0.076),vegetation(X2 = .428, p = 0.064), manure disposal (X2 =
4.646, p = 0.031), shitiosoma (X2 = 1.782, p = 0.182),and Other
diseases (X2 = 2.311, p = 0.128).
The multivariate analysis, using logistic regression, with a
confidence interval of 95% and a p- value of ≤0.05 was used to
assess the association between identified significant risk factors
in the univariate analysis in combination towards a positive fecal
sedimentation test status for paramphistomiasis in cattle. The
analysis showed an association between being fecal
sedimentation test positive status for paramphistomiasis infection
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in cattle and breed( Exp (B) = .565, p = 0.035), body condition
( Exp (B) = .1.5, p = 0.009),), grazing type ( Exp (B) = 2.07, p =
0.012), snail presence ( Exp (B) = .092, p = 0.001), and other
disease ( Exp (B) = 2.17, p = 0.035), For ELISA, the analysis
showed an association between being ELISA positive status for
paramphistomiasis infection in cattle and cattle drink from river
( Exp (B) = .1.365, p =0.023 ),, and manure disposal. ( Exp (B) =
.477 , p = 0.031 ).
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