Abstract:
This is descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study aimed to determine the frequency of isolated bacteria from septicemic neonates in Omdurman Maternity Hospital and Asia Hospital during the period from August 2019 to September 2020.
A total of 150 neonates were included in this study with age ranged from 1 to 28 days with mean of age 5.51±5.52 S.D. About 2-3ml venous blood were collected aseptically and cultured in Brain Heart Infusion broth and aerobic render bottle for automated blood culture followed by subculture of isolates on blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Chocolate agar and incubated aerobically at 37ºC for 5 days up to 14 days. Identification was done by Gram's stain and biochemical tests. According to the isolates were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.
Out of 150 specimens, there were 80 (53.3%) yielded growth (positive blood culture) and 70 (46.7%) were showed no growth. According to onset of disease; there were 31/80 (38.8%) with early onset and 49 (61.2%) with late onset. Out of 80 growth; there were 20/80 (25%) G+ve cocci, while Gram-negative rods isolates were 60/80 (75%).
According to onset of the disease it was observed that; Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolated bacteria (32/80 (40%)) in both onsets of neonatal sepsis, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21/80 (26.3%)) and Staphylococcus aureus (16/80 (20%)).
The antimicrobial susceptibility testing results showed that; Cefotaxime had the highest sensitivity (51(85%)) while imipenem yielded the highest resistant (41(68.3%)) among Gram-negative rods. All the isolated G+ve cocci were sensitive to vancomycin (100%) and the highest resistant to Penicillin (90%).
This study was concluded that; positive blood culture was significant from neonatal sepsis and mostly was with late onset of disease. Also Gram-negative rods pathogens took the major spectrum of isolates and Klebsiella Pneumoniae was the most predominant isolate and Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent Gram-positive cocci. Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant and the best choice for treatment is Vancomycin and Cefotaxime for Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods respectively.
Adherence to antibiotic policy, antimicrobial surveillance and policy updating are necessary.
