Biochemical Analysis of Synovial Fluid and Serumin Sudanese Cattle

Abstract

This study was conducted to establish reference values for some biochemical parameters of synovial fluid in Sudanese cattle and to compare them with the corresponding values in serum, also to establish the correlation and regression among serum and synovial fluid parameters. The bulls were selected from the herd of the Animal Production Research Centre-Khartoum North-Hilat kuku, from January 2018 to October 2019. Eleven blood samples and twenty two synovial fluid samples were collected from carpal and tarsal joints of clinically healthy Baggara bulls. The serum, carpal and tarsal synovial fluids concentrations of Total Protein (TP), Albumin, Globulin, Glucose, Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P) and Magnesium (Mg) were analysed using a spectrophotometer (UV mini-1240-Japan), while Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations were analysed by flame photometer (PFP7-UK). The data were analysed statistically by ANOVA and LSD using SPSS programme (version 16).The glucose concentration of carpal joint was significantly (P= 0.024) lower than that of the tarsal joint and serum (27.43 2.5mg/dl versus 38.29  2.9mg/dl and 40.56  4.5mg/dl), while the other metabolites were significantly lower (P=0.000) than serum. There is no significant difference between carpal and tarsal synovial fluid metabolites. The sodium concentration of tarsal joint was significantly(P= 0.004) lower than that of serum and carpal joint (153.04  6.83 mmol/L versus 176.26  1.99 mmol/L and 163.94  3.09 mmol/L), the calcium concentration of tarsal joint showed lowest significant value (P= 0.000) against serum and carpal joint (7.88  0.24 mg/dl versus11.81 0.64 mg/dl and 9.49  0.31 mg/dl), while the phosphorus concentration of tarsal joint was significantly (P= 0.001) higher than that of serum and carpal joint (5.42  0.07 mg/dl versus 4.98  0.09 mg/dl and 5.14  0.06 mg/dl). Potassium and magnesium did not vary among serum, carpal or tarsal joints. The positive correlation was found between serum protein and globulin (0.894). Also, In synovial fluid, there are positive correlations between total protein, albumin, globulin and ALT (0.693, 0.933 and 0.787), respectively and between globulin, albumin and ALT (0.444 and 0.816), respectively. In minerals, positive correlations were obtained between serum sodium and carpal joint sodium (0.745), carpal joint sodium and tarsal joint calcium (0.751) and between tarsal joint potassium and tarsal joint sodium (0.674). The negative correlations were found between serum calcium and carpal joint magnesium(-0.631)and between potassium in tarsal joint and phosphorus in tarsal joint(-0.829).Also, the simple linear equations of serum and synovial fluid metabolites were established. In conclusion, the obtained data will be useful to differentiate between normal and abnormal joints of cattle.