Abstract:
This is a descriptive study, was conducted in Khartoum state during the
period from November 2009 to May 2010. The study aimed at detecting the
cytomorphological changes in buccal mucosa among alcoholic and cigarette
smokers. Two hundred buccal smears were collected randomly from
individuals (their ages ranged between 20 to 75 years) were continually
drank alcohol and smoked cigarette for more than 5 years. The selected
group was free of oral lesions and previous history of oral diseases. Of
whom 50 individuals alcoholism, 50 individuals was cigarette smokers, 50
individuals used both cigarette and alcohol and the remaining 50 individuals
were control. The smears were prepared, fixed and stained using
Papanicolaou technique then examined under the light microscope. The
obtained data were analyzed using SPSS computer program. The cytological
assessment among study group revealed the following findings; in the
alcoholic group, atypical changes were detected in four (8%) individuals
with significant relation to types and duration of alcohol consumption
(P.value =0.041). Infections were detected in 16(32%) individuals with
significant relation to alcohol abuse (P.value <0.01), which distributed as
follows; coccal infections in (18%) and actinomyces infections in (14%).
Hyperkeratosis was detected in five (10%) individuals. The remaining
25(50%) individuals were normal. In the smoker group, atypical changes
were detected in six (12%) individuals with significant relation to duration
of smoking/years and number of cigarettes/day (P.value <0.01). Infections
were detected in 15(30%) individuals with significant relation to cigarette
smoking (P.value <0.01), which distributed as follows; coccal infections in
(18%) and actinomyces infections in (12%). Hyperkeratosis was detected in
seven (14%) individuals. The remaining 22(44%) individuals were normal.
In both cigarette and alcohol abuse group, atypical changes were detected in
seven (14%) individuals with significant relation to cigarette and alcohol
abuse (P.value <0.01). Infections were detected in 27(54%) individuals with
significant relation to cigarette and alcohol abuse (P.value <0.01), which
distributed as follows; coccal infections in (32%) and actinomyces infections
in (16%), human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in (4%), monilia
infections in (2%). Hyperkeratosis was detected in ten (20%) individuals.
The remaining six (12%) individuals were normal.
As a conclusion of this study, alcohol and cigarette abuse are a risk factors
for oral atypical changes and infections, and there was a risk gradient with
increasing intake and longer duration of cigarette and alcohol consumption.
