Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromblastin Time (APTT) In Sudanese Diabetic Patients – Khartoum State

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a common endocrine disease of multiple etiology. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with subsequent disturbance of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids metabolism. Type 2 diabetes Mellitus and insulin resistance syndromes are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and thrombotic complications. PT and APTT are hematological indices that predict the coagulation status of patients This is a case control study aimed to determine Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted at Jaber Abu Eleaz Center and Turiskh Teaching Hospital in 2010 . One hundred diabetic patients (84 with type 2 and 16 with type 1 diabetes mellitus) were enrolled in the study with age ranged between 5 and 75 years. Twenty apparently healthy non- diabetic subjects were selected as a control group.An informed consent was obtained from each participant before sample collection. A 2.5 ml blood specimen was collected from each participant in EDTA container from which platelet poor plasma specimens were obtained, then PT and APTT were determined using calibrated coagulometer ( Bio- Bas). SPSS soft ware computer program was used for data analysis (t-tests and ANOVA tests).Significance level was set with p- value ? 0. 05. 28% of patients with age less than 36 years and 3 % with age less than 15 years. Insignificant prolongation of PT and APTT was observed in patients compared to control but within normal range. PT was ncreased from 14.14 ± 0.512 to 14.4 ± 1.18 seconds in control and patients respectively. APTT was increased from 25.95 ± 3.09 in control to 27.06 ± 3.92 seconds in diabetic patients. On the other hand, according to disease duration, PT of patients was within normal range, but APTT was prolonged progressively with increased period of disease on set. No statistical difference in PT of patients with type 1 compared to PT of type 2 diabetic patients. However, APTT was increased from 26.51 ± 3.4 seconds in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to 30.40 ± 5.2 seconds in patients with type1. In conclusion, some prolongation of PT and a true APTT was observed in diabetic patients compared to non diabetic control. APTT prolongation is related to period of disease onset. Diabetic patients were subjected to haemostatic abnormalities, accordingly routine coagulation tests are recommended for better management of diabetes mellitus