Seroprevalence Risk Factors and Economic Impact of Bovine Brucellosis in Khartoum State

Abstract

The Seroprevalence ,risk factors and economic impact of bovine brucellosis were determined in cattle in Khartoum State Sudan . Total 1286 sera were prepared after collecting blood samples from the animals in Localities, Khartoum (n=144) ,Omdurman (n=238), Karry (n= 109) , Umbada ( n=208) Bahry (n=312), and (n=275) Shargelnel Localities . Out of 1286 serum samples tested , 332 samples were positive to Rose Bengal Plate Test. All sera positive to RBPT (332 samples) were subjected to further confirmatory test using competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay . (c-Elisa ) .The prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Khartoum State was recorded as 25.8% . In localities the prevalence were 33.3% in Khartoum, 30.8% in Umbada ,29.5% in Bahary , 23.1% in Omdurman, 22.9% Shergelneel and 9.2 % in Karry locality . The questionnaire was designed to collect information on individual herds from the animal owners. A total of 14 risk factors such as age, sex, herd size ,geography, history of abortion , history of vaccination, mixed farming, type breed, mixed age, calves bar, breeding methods (natural ,artificial) ,presences of veterinary services , awareness, and water supply were investigated. The results of the univariate Chi-square analysis revealed that seropositivity to brucellosis was significantly higher in 11 risk factors (locality, herd type, breed, veterinary services, vaccination, awareness, bull share ,water source ,housing , age , and gender P < 0.25). were found to be associated with bovine brucellosis seroprevalence. Herd size, abortion History , breeding method were not identified as the risk factors associated with seropositivity to Brucellosis. No one of these risk factors were significant (P >0.25), Attributed the endemic status of brucellosis in Khartoum State. From the known methods of economic impact assessment of animal disease partial budgeting according to Morris (1999) was considered to be the best method to evaluate the economic impact of an endemic disease. From the result estimation of the financial loss due to brucellosis in the whole State, the highest economic losses in Bahary locality was 14,240.343 SDG, Umbada locality was 13.787.557 SDG ,Shergalneel locality was 10.766.726 SDG ,Omdurman locality was 5.293.608 SDG , Khartoum locality was 2,484.239 SDG and Karry locality was 1.378.688 SDG The mass losses was milk due to brucella effect on milk production .The highest economic losses of milk in Bahary locality 9,150.455 SDG, Umbada locality was 7,319,060 SDG, Shergalneel locality was 6,129,830 SDG, Omdurman locality was 5954692 SDG , Khartoum locality was 5,123,442and Karry locality was 0,765,295 SDG. Calves losses due to abortion was calculated in the State localities Khartoum, Omdurman, Karry, Umbada , Bahary, and Shergalneel .There were 32,000 SDG , 48.000SDG ,08,000SDG , 64.000SDG , 32,000SDG, 16.000 SDG respectively . The result indicated that the economic loss dut to infertility by brucella (repeat breeding) minor losses in localites Khartoum, Omdurman, Karry, Umbada , Bahary, and Shergalneel 3.726 , 4.960 , 0,000, 6.200, 8.680, 6.200 SDG respectively . The estimation of the financial loss due to brucellosis in the whole State was 95,5964347SDG = 20.781226 U$$. The results of this study showed that brucellosis is widely distributed and an endemic disease in Khartoum State.