Effect of Organic, Inorganic Fertilizer and Biofertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under Sudan Conditions

Abstract

An experiment was conducted in the Demonstration Farm of College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology at Shambat. The study was conducted for two summer seasons: 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield, and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was arranged in Split plots, in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The main plots consisted of three varieties: Kosti1 and Omgar, (Sudanese release cultivars); Nerica4 (African cultivar). Sub plots consisted of six fertilizers treatments, viz: effective microorganism (EM) at the rate of 15 liters/ha; compost (COM) at the rate of15 tons /ha; pellet granules organic manure (PM) at a rate of 50kg/ha; urea 46%N + superphosphate 48% P2O5 (US) at the rate of 83 kg N/ha, 50 kg p/ha respectively; combination of urea + superphosphate + compost (USC) and control. The results showed highly significant effect of fertilizers and varieties on plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant, leaf area (cm2), number of productive tillers, number of spikelets per spike, panicle length (cm), number of seeds per panicle, percentage of empty seeds, 1000-seed weight, yield, plant dry weight, harvest index, proximate chemical analysis and physico-chemical proprieties in the two seasons, There was no significant effect of fertilizers on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and unproductive tillers in the two seasons. Also there were no significant differences between cultivars in number of unproductive tillers, number of seeds per panicle and most of proximate chemical analysis parameters except carbohydrate content. All parameters showed no significant response to interaction between cultivars and fertilizers except leaf area, productive tillers and number seed per panicle. There were highly significant differences between the two seasons in most parameters V except unproductive tillers, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index and all chemical characters studied except moisture content. The study showed that biofertilizer and organic fertilizers gave good results and high yield as compared to inorganic fertilizers. Also the cultivar Nerica4 showed better performance in the two seasons than the other cultivars.