Abstract:
The diseases associated with gastrointestinal tract are wide spread throughout the Sudan affecting both humans and animals. The most endemic types which affect the population health are those related to Salmonella Species.
Towards knowing the extent of presence of these organisms and extent of their resistance to antibiotics both phenotypically and genotypically, two hundred droppings samples were collected from poultry farms throughout Khartoum north. The samples were investigated for the presence of Salmonella. (64) Salmonella isolates were obtained and identified by biochemical tests, these were (7) isolates of Salmonella arizonea, (10) isolates of Salmonella choleraesuis, (18) isolates of Salmonella gallinarum, (23) isolates of Salmonella pullorum and (6) isolates of Salmonella typhi.
Different Salmonella species showed variable resistance values with different antibiotics, Following are highest and lowest resistance rates of isolated Salmonella sp. Recorded respectively with different antibiotics, Amikacin (60%, 47%) with (S. choleraesuis , S. pullorum), Ceftazidine (71%, 16%) with (S.arizonea, S. typhi), Chloramphenicol (33%, 14%) with (S. typhi, S. arizonea), Aztreonam (61%, 34%) with (S. gallinarum, S. pullorum), Tetracycline (90%, 50%) with ( S. choleraesuis, S. gallinarum and S typhi), piperacillin (80%, 33%) with (S. choleraesuis , S. typhi), Imipinem (50%, 28) with ( S. gallinarum , S. typhi and S. arizonea) and Ciprofloxacin (85% , 38%) with (S. arizonea, S. gallinarum and S.typhi).
Bacterial DNA was extracted from each isolate (S.pullorum, S.gallinarum) using boiling method. PCR was used to detect TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes. The results showed that the genotypic resistance that is mediated by β-lactamases genes in S.gallinarum was (100%) for SHV followed by CTX-M and TEM genes both (58%) and in S. pullorum was (44%) for CTX-M then TEM (33%) and finally SHV genes (11%).
