Frequency and Antimicrobials Resistance of Salmonella paratyphi A In Patients With Typhoid Fever

Abstract

This study was carried out in Khartoum State in period November 2008 to March 200, to determine the frequency and resistance of Salmonella paratyphi A isolated from patients suspected to have enteric fever. A total of 308 stool samples were collected from Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Umderman Teaching Hospital, Khartoum North Hospital, and Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital. The age of patients ranged from one year to 80 years. The samples were cultured on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar for primary isolation of pathogen. Identification of the isolates was done by colonial morphology, Gram stain, oxidase test and biochemical tests using API E20.Resistance to antimicrobial agents were determined by modified Kirby- Bauer diffution method while MIC was determined by E – test. Only 11 (5.6%) Salmonella paratyphi A from 308 stool samples, were detected. The result revealed that the resistance rate of antimicrobial agents against the isolates was as follows; (9.1%) of Choloramphincol and Ceftrixone, (81.1%) of Tetracycline, (0%) of Ciproflaxcine and Gentamycine, (45.5%) of Amoxycilline, (36.4%) of Co-trimoxzol, and (100%) of Ceftazedine . The minimum inhibitory concentration values were ( 0.01 - 1.0 mcg/ml ) of Ciproflaxcine, ( 0.004 – 0.1 mcg/ml ) for Choloramphincol, and (10 – 60 mcg/ml) for Tetracycline. The study concluded that the responsibility of Sallmonella paratyphi A of enteric fever is slightly low. The antimicrobials resistance of S. paratyphi A to traditionally used antimicrobial agents was high.