Assessment of the causes of the low vision in patients under 40 years using ophthalmic Ultrasoungraphy

Abstract

One hundred patients (75male , 25 female ) with low vision , were included in this study , they were interviewed for present and past ocular , and medical history , Both eyes were examined , Using slit – lamp manually , to obtain visual acuity . this study was performed in MAKKAH ,eye hospital – Khartoum , in period from September to December 2015 . The aim of this study , is to show the ability of ophthalmic ultrasound in evaluating the causes of low vision , in patients below 40 years . because the direct view with ophthalmoscope, is difficult or impossible , due to ( dense ) cataract, or diffuse cornel opacity , hyphema , or swelling of the eye lids , vitreous hemorrhage. The study found that , the majority of cataract cases were acquired , about 85 cases 91,4% while congenital were 8 cases 8,6% they were contributed in causation of vision drop . The remaining cases were due to other causes . The study found that 75 patient 75% with normal intraocular pressure , 5cases 5% were high and 20% were uncooperative to measure their intraocular pressure ( I . o . p .) Seven cases came with diabetes mellitus , hypertension and glaucoma 2 , 2 , 3 respectively . Eighty patients were without eye glasses no history of family with eye glasses . Low vision due to cataract among the study population as following , 33 cases 33% were student . 24 cases 24% were laborer and 43 cases 43% were in others group. The result revealed that , ophthalmic ultra-sonography was demonstrated accurately (19) cases of cataract 19% with vitreous hemorrhage and (8) cases of cataract 8% with vitreous detachment , also it was showed (9) cases of cataract 9% with retinal detachment and (5) cases of cataract associated 5% with vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment . Accurately , Ultrasound revealed one cases of cataract with choroidal detachment , beside (6) cases of cataract 6% with staphyloma and (5) cases of cataract 5% with coloboma , (2) cases 2% of cataract and strioidhyalosis , (2) cases 2% of corneal opacity with vitreous changes, (3) cases 3% of lens subluxation and dislocation , (38) dense cataract 38% and (2) cases of tumor 2% . The study concluded that patient who have low vision , ophthalmic ultrasonography , play good role in assessing the causes of the low vision and evaluating the posterior segment , when is difficult by direct – view using ophthalmoscope . Finally , the study recommend that , workers , farmers ( laborer ) , must be advised to the necessity of wearing sun glasses during the work , Ultrasound department , should be provided with more advanced equipment .