Assessment of Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase as Biomarker of Oxidative Stress in Sudanese Male Smokers in Khartoum State

Abstract

Background:Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and atherosclerosis. Smoking may enhance oxidative stress not only through the production of reactive oxygen radicals in smoke but also through weakening of the antioxidant defense systems. Objective: To asses the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in cigarette smokers. Material and method: This is case control study. The study was conducted from February to May 2015, sixty samples from non smokers chosen randomly as control and sixty sample from smoker as test group. All sample were tested for superoxide dismutase activity using fortress diagnostic reagent by spectrophotometer analyzer, and results were analyzed using statistical of package social science (SPSS). Results: The study result showed that the level of superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decrease (P = 0.00) in smokers. Mean ± SD cases versus controls (907±134.47 versus 1159±93.44). In cigarette smokers group, the level of superoxide dismutase has a significant moderate negative correlation with the number of cigarettes per day (P = 0.00). Also the findings of this study showed that, there was a significant weak negative correlation between the level of superoxide dismutase and duration of smoking (P = 0.048). Conclusion:From the results of this study, it is concluded that superoxide dismutase level was significantly decreased in smokers and correlated negatively with number of cigarettes and duration.