Study of Complete Blood Count and Iron Profile among Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients, Khartoum State, 2017

Abstract

The pulmonary tuberculosis is infectious and chronic disease; increase morbidity and mortality due to morbid condition develop during the stage of disease like anemia and Pancytopenia. This was a case control study which aimed to study the CBC parameters and iron profile in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients to detect the effect on CBC and iron profile (S. iron, S. ferritin, TBIC, saturation %) and to detect frequency and the type of anemia in these patients. One hundred twenty subjects were recruited for this study, 60 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 60 healthy volunteers as a control group, blood samples were collected from all participants in EDTA and plain vacontainers tubes. Patients' data were collected by structured interview questionnaire and analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 11.5. Complete blood count parameters were measured by automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex KX 21N) and iron profile was measured by spectrophotometer. There was statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH (P. value: 0.002, 0.009, 0.001respectively) and no statistically significant change in PCV, RBCS count and MCHC. (P.value:0.818, 0.409, 0.486 respectively) with statistically significant increased in RDW-SD, RDW-CV. (P. value: 0.001, 0.000 respectively) in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients when compared with healthy control. There was statistically significant increased in WBCs count and absolute monocyte count (P. value: 0.009, 0.000 respectively) with no statistically significant difference in absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count and absolute basophil count (P. value: 0.278, 0.177,0.160, 0.321respectively) when compared with healthy control. IVThere was statistically significant increased platelet count (P. value: 0.009) with statistically insignificant change in MPV, PDW, and P-LCR (P. value: 0.068, 0.028, 0.055respectively), when compared with healthy control. There was statistically significant decrease in serum iron and TBIC (P. value: 0.000, 0.000 respectively) and statistically significant increase in serum ferritin (P. value: 0.000) with statistically insignificant change in saturation% (P.value:0.777) when compared with healthy control. There was statistically significant positive correlation between hemoglobin concentration and serum iron (P.value:0.000) and between hemoglobin concentration and saturation %,( P.value:0.002) with no correlation between hemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin(P.value:0.212)and between hemoglobin concentration and TBIC(P.value:0.035)in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The frequency of anemia in active pulmonary tuberculosis is (48.3%) and the types of anemia are ACD (45%), IDA (3.3%) and the most types of anemia microcytic hypochromic anemia, secondly normocytic normochromic anemia.