P Biological Activity of Some Phytochemicals From Aristolochia bracteolata , Trigonella foenum , Foeniculum vulgare and Coriandrum Sativum

Abstract

Phytochemical screening the leaves of Aristolochia bracteodlata revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and glycosides. Paper sheets eluted with 15% acetic acid allowed isolation of compounds I and II from the leaves of Aristolochia bracteodlata.The partial structures of these isolates were deduced on the basis of their spectral data(UV,NMR and MS).The ethanol extract of Aristolochia bracteodlata was evaluated ,in vitro, for antimicrobial activity against five standard human pathogens(Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis; Gram negative : Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasa aeruginosa and the fungus Candida albicans using the cup plate agar diffusion bioassay . Different antimicrobial responses were observed. The activity ranged from high to moderate. Since the biological activity of flavonoids is well documented now, thebioactivity of these extract could possibly be due to their flavonoid content . Saudi Trigonella foenum seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS and antimicrobial potency of the oil was evaluated. 26 components were detected by GC-MS analysis being dominated by: z,z-9,12- octadecadienoic acid(35.85%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester(19.66%),hexadecanoic acid methyl ester(13.29%) and z-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.13%) .The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated via the diffusion bioassay against five standard human pathogens.The oil showed excellent activity against the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus in the concentration range : 100-25mg/ml. It also exhibited excellent activity against the yeast Candida albicans at 100mg/ml. The oil showed activity against all test organism at 100 mg/ml. Foeniculum vulgare seed oil was studied by GC-MS. The oilwas also assessed for antimicrobial activity. Thirty two components were detected by GC-MS analysis. Main constituents are: 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester(48.54%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(28.50%), γ- terpinene(4.98%), and β-pinene(3.51%).The antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated via the diffusion assay against five standard human pathogens. Foeniculum vulgae oil showed excellent activity against Staphylococcus aureus in the concentration range : 100-25mg/ml. It also exhibited significant activity against the yeast Candida albicans at 100mg/ml. The fixed oil of Saudi Coriandrum Sativum was extracted by maceration and analyzed by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry where 52 constituents were detected.The oil was also evaluated for antimicrobial potency.