Antibacterial Activity of Lawsonia inermis (Sudanese Henna) leaves Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection patients in Omdurman Military Hospital

Abstract

This was a descriptive and cross sectional study conducted during the period from May to August 2015 to determine the antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis leaves extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among recurrent urinary tract infection patients in Omdurman Military Hospital. A total of 100 urine samples were collected from patient with recurrent urinary tract infection. These specimens were inoculated onto Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficiency (CLED) media and incubated aerobically at 37˚C for 24 hours. The isolates were then identified using conventional method. 32(32%) out of 100 investigated samples showed bacterial growth. Eight of the patients were males and 24 were females with age rang between 35-70 years (mean = 50.41±10.324). Out of 32 isolated bacteria, 4 were Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%), 16 Escherichia coli (50%) and 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.4%). The reminder 9 (28%) were other bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using standard disk diffusion method. The results showed that all S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (100%). 2(50%) out of 4 positive S. aureus were susceptible to oxacillin while 2(50%) were oxacillin resistance. S. aureus ATCC29213 was also susceptible to oxacillin. E. coli susceptibility results revealed 12(75%) E. coli showed high resistance to Naldixic Acid (88%) followed by Ceftriaxone (81%), Ciprofloxacin (75%) and Gentamicin (69%). The reminder 4(25%) and E. coli ATCC25922 were susceptible. P. aeruginosa susceptibility results showed high resistance to Naldixic Acid (100%) followed by Gentamicin (67%), Ceftriaxone (33%) and was susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis water and methanol leaves extract against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, S. aureus ATCC29213, Escherichia coli, E. coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. aeruginosa ATCC27853 was performed at different concentrations using the agar dilution method. Methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus ATCC29213, Escherichia coli, E. coli ATCC25922, P. aeruginosa and P. aeruginosa ATCC27853 also water extract showed antibacterial activity against all strains except Escherichia coli and E. coli ATCC25922. The MIC of henna methanol and water extracts obtained by agar diffusion method for S. aureus isolates was 12.5mg/ml / 25mg/ml, P. aeruginosa isolates was 6.25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively. Also E. coli isolates was 25mg/ml in methanol and resistance to water extract. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that 51 chemical compound of L. inermis (Henna) which identified qualitatively by retention time and quantitatively by the area under curve. 30 active antibacterial compounds were recorded.