Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Trypanosomiasis in Khartoum State, Sudan

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted in cold dry season from November (2014) up estimate the to January (2015) in Khartoum state, Sudan to prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis and the prevailing species of trypanosomes as well as to assess host related risk factors. Blood samples collected from 380 randomly selected cattle from 3 locality were subjected to parasitological examination Centrifugation Technique (HCT) and (Haeatocrit Blood smear).Also packed cell volume(PCV) of each animal was measured for anemia estimation . The overall prevalence was found to be 21.6%. Trypanosoma vivax was the predominant species in the area. The Chi-square test showed that there were 13 out of 19 risk factors show statistically significantly association in bovine trypanosome prevalence (p-value≤0.25). These were: Age- chi square results showed significant differences in trypanosome prevalence between adults, young stock and calves (χ2 = 24.873, df = 2, p- value =0.000). Body condition show significant differences in trypanosome prevalence between good and poor (χ2= 27.198,df=1,p.value=0.000). Locality (χ2 = 10.478, df = 2, p.value=.005), using prophylactic treatment (χ2= 38.050,df=1,p.value= 0.000), presence of vectors in the farm (χ2= 5.578,df=1,p.value= 0.018), using insecticide for controlling vectors (χ2= 71.416,df=1,p.value =0.000). The risk for trypanosomiasis was therefore positively associated with insect apparent density (χ=28.759 df =2, p-value =0.000), presence of other animals in the farms (χ=6.403 df = 1, p-value =.011, prsence water body and irrigations canals (χ=4.855 df = 1, p-value =0.028), As for vegetation (χ=7.166 df = 1, p-value= .007.There were significant differences (χ=9.570 viiidf = 1, p-value =0.002) between trypanosome prevalence proportions in cattle raised under different husbandry practices, the overall mean PCV (χ=7.663 df = 1, p-value= 0.006) and presence of wild life around the farm (χ=16. 694df =1, p-value=0.000). There were six risk factors not significantly associated with trypanosome infection in cattle in our study (p- value > 0. 25) .the sex (p-value=0.348), production type (p-value 0.348), herd size (p-value =0.998), presence of other disease (p-value =0.438), Breed (p-value= 0.605) and Location of life stock market (p-value =.479). The Multivarte analysis using the Logistic Regression showed that there were 7 potential risk factor significantly associated with trypanosomiasis (p-value ≤0.05).These were age,(p-value=0.001), locality(p-value=0.026), using prophylactic treatment (p-value=0.46), using insecticide for controlling insects (p-value=0.002), presence of other species of animals (p- value =0.010),density of insects (p-value= 0.016) and presence of wild life around the farm (p-value =0.018). Finally, this work showed that trypanosomiasis is an important disease affecting the health and productivity of cattle in the Khartoum State. Hence, attention should be given to this problem so as to improve livestock production and agricultural development in the area.