The Impact of Tribal Conflicts on Food Security of Males –Females Headed Households In (North Darfur state

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to assess the impact of the tribal conflict on food security of males and females- headed households. The field survey was used as the research method in two areas Kufout and Kabkabia in North Darfur state, which were main areas that suffered greatly from conflicts for a long time. So equal number of males and females- headed household were selected by systematic sampling for comparison to determine the impact of tribal conflict on food security The total numbers of interviewed households were 120 (60 male and 60 female). Questionnaire was developed and field personal interviews were conducted to collect the data .The collected data were coded and fed in the computer using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data was analysed by using frequencies, percentages and chi square test at the level of significant of 0.05 to see the relationship between food security and conflict. Major Finding of the study: Relatively high percentage of male and female headedhouseholds (43%- 46% ) in both areas had household size ranging between (7- 5) and(8- 10) members . High percentage of female and male headed house holds in kabkabia 35% and 33.3% respectively depended on iii agriculture as the main economic activity during the conflict compare to 46% and 35 % of female and male-headed house hold in kafout depended on agricultural production as the main economic activity before conflict Equal percentage (41.7%) of male and femaleheaded households in Kafout area depend on agricultural as main economic activity during conflict compare to 31.7 of female and 35% of male in Kbkabia whose main economic activity change to laboring. There were significant relationships between sex of households heads in Kafout (0.7) on the main source of food before conflict while in Kabkabia (0.2) there are no significant relationship between males and females-headed house hold on the main source of food before conflict. There were highly significant relationship between sex of household heads on main source of food during conflict in Kafout (0.002) while in Kbkabia area there were no significant relationship (0.77) because 30% of female 25 of male depended on donations as main source of food during conflict. There were no significant relationship between sex of household heads in Kafout (0.7) and Kbkabia (0.2) in term of number of meal taken per day before conflict. iv There were no significant relationship between sex of household heads in both Kafout (0.13) and Kbkabia (0.11) in term of number of meal taken per day during conflict. There were no significant relationship between sex of household heads and types of humanitarian assistants in Kabkabia but in Kafout there were no assistants. There were no significant relationship between sex of household heads and quantity of food effort per month as assistant in Kabkabia but in Kafout there were no assistant. Recommendations of this study include: All concerned parties are advised to empower the local community to support the Darfour dialogue and to help the community to come together for peace building All concerned parties are advised to raise community awareness towards peace Food donors are advised to do more in the direction of i insuring equitable distribution of aid food especially between household heads by different sexes. The government and concerned parties are advised to study and find long lasting solution for the causes of the conflicts in Darfur State. The government and international communities and tribal leaders are advised to take full responsibility towards Protection of affected families, especially women and children. v The government and international and local organisations are advised to Support and motivate the affected families to start their normal livelihoods as before the conflict Consider participation of the community in all programs to ensure that benefits of the programs are sustainable We advise all concerned parties to respect the culture and traditional administration system of the beneficiaries Sustainable development must be initiated and supported by all parties which including provision of water, health, education, and other related cross cutting issues (gender, human rights and peace building) must be initiated and supported by all concerned parties