Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Adansonia digitate and Tamarinds indica leave extracts

Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim to extract and analyze the leaves powder of Adansonia digitate and Tamarindus indica, collected from forest on the south of Nyala in southern Darfour state, Sudan. Two methods of extractions from the leaves powder of Adansonia digitate and Tamarindus indica were performed; method 1: extraction by maceration using methanol solvent their yields were 8.3% and 15.6%, respectively. Method 2: successive extractions using soxhlet extractor from leaves powder of Adansonia digitate and Tamarindus indica using hexane, yielded 8.8% and 6.6 %, respectively. These extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis Adansonia digitate showed the presence of alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, steroids, Glycosides and carbohydrates. Whereas Tamarindus indica showed the presence of alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, steroids, Glycosides and carbohydrates. The antibacterial activity of methanol leaves extracts of Adansonia digitate, Tamarindus indica and their combined mixture (1:1) were studied in vitro against four bacterial strains namely Saphylococcus aurus, Bacillus subtitles (gram +ve bacteria) and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram –ve) ,using disc agar diffusion method. Tamarindus indica methanol leaves extract showed highest susceptibility against Bacillus subtilis at concentration (100mg/mL) with inhibition zone (22mm). Adansonia digitate methanol leaves extract show high susceptibility against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentration (100mg/mL), and (12.5mg/mL) respectively with inhibition zones of (20mm).the combined methanol leave extracts show high susceptibility against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentration (100mg/mL) with inhibition zone (20mm). The GC-MS of Adansonia digitate leaves extract revealed the presence of 14 compounds Phenol,2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) (61.64%) and unsaturated fatty acid (9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methylester( 8.93 %) and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester(5.84%) for Adansonia digitate and 10 compounds for Tamarindus indica were completely identified and the major compounds were classified as unsaturated fatty acid including Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (35.01%) , Methyl stearate (25.68%) , Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester(22.73%).