Detection of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bacterial Vaginitis among Pregnant Women in The Third Trimester, in Khartoum state, Sudan

Abstract

Bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginitis along with sexually transmitted infection are the common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age group in developing countries.Vaginal colonization with some species of bacteria during the last term of pregnancy can affect the health of fetuses and newborns resulting in high morbidity and mortality among newborns. Aerobic vaginitis microbiological common pathogens are Group B Streptococcus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Aerobic vaginitis is an endogenous opportunistic infection brought about by the disruption of the normal vaginal microbiota. The early diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy may reduce the risk of negative pregnancy out come. The Present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of vaginal infection and isolation of pathogens involved in vaginitis. A cross sectional study was conducted at Khartoum state, Sudan during the period of March-September 2022. Consecutive patients were approached to participate in the study, Socio demographic and clinical data were obtained from each participant a total of 100 third trimester pregnant women using pre tested questionnaires. High Vaginal Swab were collected and cultured for detection of aerobic bacterial pathogens. A total of one hundred high vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women which 49% showed positive growth constituted of various type of pathogens while 51% showed no growth. The percentages of positive high vaginal swab culture were include different type of pathogens 16(16%) was E. Coli highest growth,15 (15%) was S aureus second highest growth, 7 (7%) was E.faecalis, 3(3%) was Klebsiella Spp ,6 (6%) was Candida Spp and 2 (2%) was S.agalactiae . The result of the research showed that there was a significant association between growth of bacteria and following symptoms (fatigue, vaginal discharge, vaginal irritation). The most frequent symptoms among pregnant women were vaginal discharge 61 (61%) the growth observed on 48 (78%) from pregnant women with vaginal discharge and 13(22%) had no growth. Also vaginal irritation showed significant association with bacterial growth 44(83%) and 9(17%) showed no growth and 46 (46%) had fatigue showed positive growth percentages 28 (60%). There was association between vaginal discharge and bacterial growth, E.coli and Staphylococcus were the predominant bacteria found in present study.