Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of High Level Strepomycin Resistant Genes among Enterococcus species Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan

Abstract

Enterococci are not generally regarded as highly virulent bacterial pathogens; however, resistance to many antimicrobial drugs complicates treatment of Enterococcal infections, acquired resistance to high concentrations of glycopeptide antibiotics, has exacerbated this problem. The main issue related to enterococci is their antibiotic resistance, in fact, members of the genus Enterococcus are intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobials, and they have the ability to acquire and transfer genes encoding for resistance to different molecules. this cross sectional Study was aim to investigate high-level Stretomycin resistance genes in Enterococcus species by phenotypic and genotypic methods among hospitalized patients in Khartoum State . A total of four hundred (n=400) different clinical samples (urine, blood, wound swabs and body fluids) according to sites of infection were collected from patients attended to Ahmed Gasim Hospital, Almoalim Medical City and Rebat National Hospital during the period between June and August 2022.Their age ranged from1-75 years and mean of age 44.6years. Then these samples were inoculated on MacConkey , blood agar and blood cuture bottle. Bacterial identification was carried out by different conventional methods. in this study 30 out of 400 (7.5％) were cofirmed as E.faecalis and E.faecium by primary and secondry biochemical tests. ,Antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains were investigated by kirby- Bauer method ,For detection of high-level Stretomycin resistance (HLSR) genes , polymerase chain reaction was used,Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25 .The current results found that prevalence of E.feacalis and E.faecium were 14 (3.5%) and 16 (4% ) respectively, resistatance of E.faecalis and E.faecium to streptomycin were 6 ( 16.7%) and 11 (36.7%) respectively .7 (23.3%) and 1 (3.3%) was the frequency of Aph(2)-1c and Aph(2)-1d genes in isolated Enterococcus, and it was noticed that Aph(2)-1c and Aph(2)-1d were higher in E.faecium more than E.faecalis. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that E.faecium was found to be more resistant to Streptomycin than E.faecalis, Aph(2)-1c frequency was high in E.faecium more than E.faecalis with significant statistical difference while in significant statistica difference was noticed with Aph(2)-1d