Detection of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 as Modifier of Sickle Cell Complication Among Saudi Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Sickle cell disease refers to a collection of autosomal recessive genetic disorders characterized by the HbS variant of the β-globin gene. One nutrient of concern for individuals with SCD is 25-OH vitaminWhich plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation, cardiovascular health, immunity, and bone health. This is case-control study aimed to estimate and comparethe level of vitamin D between children with SCD (as case) and children without SCD (as control), and to correlate between 25-OHvitamin D level and study variables (Age, duration of treatment, gender, history of disease, and number of blood transfusions). The study carried out during the period from the November 2018 to December 2019.The study was conducted in Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Eighty-eight subjects were enrolled in this study classified as 44 Patients with SCD as case group and 44 apparently healthy as control one withmean age is 6 ±4.Blood was collected in K2EDTA, blood sample for full blood count and analyzed by CELL-DYN Emerald. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) per halfhrs collected in tri-sodium citrate. Measured of 25-OH Vitamin D by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Asaay. Data analysis using SPSScomputer programmed version 24 by P.value,T- test and one – way anova test were used. There was statistically significant differences of vitamin D level in case compared to control groups with mean Std. Deviation (12±3 ng/ml and 27±9 ng/ml) respectively p.value (0.001). There was statistically significant differences of vitamin D level in group HbSS with mean 9.4±2.5 compare with other HbAS and HbSC with mean 14.1±1.8 and 13.8±1.0p.value (0.00). Correlation of ESR among study group (case and control) and Hb differentiation showed significant elevation .The Mean values of full blood counts in SCD patients and control ,showed average WBC count among cases 13705±2815 cell/mm3was significantly raised than controls 7439±2592 cell/mm3 , the RBCs, Hb ,PCV,MCV and MCH were lower significantly (3.00±0.76 mill/mm3, 7.1±.2g/dl,21.1±3.7% ,74.7±13.7 fl,24.4±4.1 g/dl respectively).In cases compared with controls (4.67±0.51mill/mm3, 13.1±1.4 g/dl,40.5±3.8%, 86.5±, 4.3 fl,27.7±2.5 g/dl, respectively). There was highly significant elevation in platelets counts in cases (527±131 × 103/µl) compared to control (273±41 × 103/µl).p.value (0.00).