Immunohistochemically Detection of Carcino Embryonic Antigen in Gastric Lesions among Sudanese Patients

Abstract

This is descriptive cross sectional hospital-based study was conducted at Omdurman teaching hospital in Khartoum state, during the period from January 2019 to February 2020. The study was aimed to detect CEA expression in gastric lesions using immunohistochemistry. Fifty paraffin blocks were collected from patient samples previously diagnosed as gastric tumors, 30 (60%) were gastric adenocarcinoma and 20 (40%) were benign. Each paraffin blocks were cut at (3µ) by rotary microtome, then stained by immunohistochemical method (new indirect technique). The data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program version 20. The age of patients ranged between 12 and 95 years with mean age of 57.7 ± 17.9 years. Most of patients were more than 50 years representing 33 (66%) and the remaining 17 (34%) were equal or less than 50 years. Most of patients were male representing 32 (64%) and the remaining 18 (36%) were female, with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1.0, Gastric adenocarcinoma revealed positive CEA expression in 17 (56.7%) samples and negative expression in 13 (43.3%) samples, while gastric lesions showed positive expression in 3 (15%) samples and negative expression in 17 (85%) samples, with significant statistical association (P.value 0.003). CEA positive expression was found in 8 (26.7%) samples of grade I, 5 (16.67%) samples of grade II, and 4 (13.3%) samples of grade III, with no significant association between CEA expression and tumor grade (P.value = 0.171).

The study concluded that CEA is biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma with no statistical association between CEA expression and tumor grade.