The Impact of Ketogenic Diet on Body weight and Insulin Resistance Index among Sudanese Obese Females

Abstract

The persistence of an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes suggests that new nutritional strategies are needed. This quasi study was carried out to investigate the impact of ketogenic diet on body weight and insulin resistance index among Sudanese obese females in Khartoum state from September 2019 to December 2019. A total of 20 participants were included in this study, twenty blood samples were collected from the obese females before starting the diet, All 20 subjects were instructed to follow a ketogenic diet consisting of less than 5% of carbohydrates and 25% of proteins and 70% of fat. Only 15 participants completed 12 weeks successfully, other samples were collected from each. Weight measurement was took every two weeks. The estimation of fasting blood glucose, and insulin level was done by using COBUS c111 and TOSOH 1800 respectively, and results were analyzed by using SPSS computer program. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in insulin resistance index when compared before and after the diet (mean 2.5±1.3, 1.5±0.9, P.value= 0.00 respectively). Moreover, a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level when compared the level before and after the diet (mean 87.8±6.4, 80.2±7.2 mg/dl, P.value= 0.00 respectively). Also showed a significant decrease in fasting insulin level when compared the level before and after the diet (mean 11.5±6, 7.4±4.8 μU/ml, P.value= 0.00 respectively).And a significant decrease in the weight when compared to the weight before and after the diet (mean 101.3±10.3, 90.3±8.6 Kg, P.value= 0.00 respectively). Statistical analysis also showed a significant reduction in BMI when compared to the BMI before and after the diet (mean 36.5±3.9, 32.5±3.2 kg/m², P.value= 0.00 respectively). The analysis revealed that the differences of weight between all combinations of related groups is not equal, (P.value = 0.00), and there was a statistically significant difference between the means of weight at the different points of time, (P.value= 0.00). The results also showed a significant difference in weight loss between all weeks (P.value is < 0.005) except for week 4 and week 6, there was no significant differences (P.value = 0.095). The analysis showed no significant correlation between age and Insulin resistance before and after the ketogenic diet, (P-value = 0.804, 0.605, respectively). Conclusion: There was decrease of insulin resistance index, weight and BMI among Sudanese obese females after following the ketogenic diet for three months. Therefore ketogenic diet has a positive impact on body weight and insulin resistance index.