Prevalence and Risk factors of Trypanosoma evansi Infections and Classification of Its Vectors in Camel in Tamboul Locality - Gezira State - Sudan

Abstract

Surra, a vector borne disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is considered as a major enzootic disease mainly for the dromedary camel. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of camel trypanosomasis and to assess the distribution and dynamics of the vectors responsible for transmission of the disease in camels in Tamboul market, Gezira State, Sudan from December 2018 to November 2019. A total of 213 blood samples were collected from camels, thin blood smears stained by Giemsa and the Buffy coat (Haematocrit Centrifugation technique (HCT)) were used to detect the protozoan. The both methods showed the same prevalence ratio was 11 (5.2)% Aquestionnaire which included age, sex, breed, body condition and season was designed. The study revealed that there was no relationship between the disease and all risk factors (p ≤ 0.05). This study demonstrated that there was no difference between thin smear and buffy coat methods for diagnosis of trypanosoma when using Roc curve. Concerning density of Tabanus flies , NZI traps were used for collection of the flies through the year to identify the type of flies in this area. One hundred eighty one flies were collected. Seventy five Tabanid agrestis, 74 Tabanus sufis and 32 Tabanus teaniola . The largest number of Tabanus sufis (30%) was captured in April, followed by the Tabanus agrestis (22.6%) in October and Tabanus taeniola (21.8%) in November. Diagnosis of trypanosomasis in camels by using microscopic examination and haematocrit centrifugation is easy tests and quick. Identification of vectors Important because the disease leads to health and productivity loses.