Assessment of Plasma Urea and Creatinine levels among Sudanese Children using Antiepileptic Drugs in Khartoum state

Abstract

Background and Aim of the study: antiepileptic drugs such as valproic acid (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) may disrupt renal function. Plama Urea and creatinine may reflect renal dysfunction and may be useful in detecting renal injury. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of plasma urea and creatinine in Sudanese children used antiepileptic drugs (CBZ and VPA). Materials and Methods: this was cross sectional comparative study, conducted from May to September 2019, at Soba Teaching Hospital (Sudan-Khartoum state). Sudanese children aged between 1 to 15 years with epilepsy on VPA (n=23), CBZ (n=17) and 40 apparently healthy Sudanese children as control group, both age and sex were matched . Plasma urea and creatinine levels were measured, by using spectrophotometer)Mindary PA 88 A), and commercial reagent kits from Bio system Company. The data obtained were analyzed by both Student's Independent T test and person correlation test using SPSS version 22 computer program. Results: showed significant increase in means of plasma urea in case group (mean ± SD 27.4 ± 9.12 mg/dL) when compared to control group (mean ± SD 17.0 ± 4.04 mg/dL p value 0.00), also significant increases in mean of plasma creatinine level in case group (mean ±SD 0.54 ± 0.02 mg/dL) when compared to control group (mean ±SD 0.44±0.14 mg/dL). There was significantly increased in mean of urea among children used valproate when compared to carbamazepine (Mean± SD 30.0±9.70 mg/dl vs 23.0±6.70) respectively, and significantly increase in mean of plasma creatinine in children used carbamazepine when compared to patient used valproate (Mean± SD 0.67±0.11 vs 0.43±0.09) respectively. There were no correlation between plasma urea level and duration of the antiepileptic drugs (VPA, CBZ), and significantly positive correlation between creatinine and duration of antiepileptic drugs (VPA, CBZ) (r= 0.64, p- value 0.05) and (r= 0.56, p- value 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: Sudanese children with epilepsy used antiepileptic drugs (VPA, CBZ) treatment, had higher plasma urea and creatinine level, and creatinine level positively correlate with duration of treatment in this study.