Bacteriological and Histopathological Studies on pulmonary lesions of Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Sudan

Abstract

Respiratory diseases of camel especially pneumonia continue to be a major problem commonly encountered in camel. In this study, 45 pneumonic lungs from one humped camels with different sex and ages ranging from six months to 15 years and originated from different states of the Sudan including Kassala, Al Gedarif, Kordofan and Darfur these were subjected to isolation, identification of bacteria and determination of the pathological changes. The isolates were then fully confirmed by biochemical identification using conventional and automated techniques including API kits and automated system Vitek2 Compact. 80 bacterial isolates were recovered, they were: 15 (18.75%) S. aureus, 7 (8.75%) S. epidermedius, 5 (6.25%) S. warrner, 1 (1.25%) S. heamolyticus, 6(7.5%) Str. pneumonia, 5(6.25%) Str. pyogenes, 1(1.25%) Str. suis 11(13.75) E. coli, 3(3.75%) Coryneulcerans, 1(1.25%) C. amycolatum, 1(1.25%) Actinomyces naeslandii, Actinomyces pyogenes, 9(11.25%) K. pneumonia, 7(8.75%) Ps. aeruginosa, 2(2.5%) Aeromonas salmonicida, 1(1.25%) Burkhorder iacepacia, 2(2.5%) Bacillus spp and 1(1, 25%) Flacklamia homonis. The histopathological changes were emphysema with an incidence of 25 (55.6%), atelectasis in 24 (53.3%), haemorrhge in 20 (44.4%), oedema in 19 (42.2%) , inflammatory changes represented by fibrinous pneumonia in 25 (55.6%), purulent bronchopneumonia in 13 (28.9%), Aspiration pneumonia in 10 (22.2%), interstitial pneumonia 9 (20%) and abscesses in 4 (8.9%) and Tumors in 3 (6.7%). Pneumonia is known in camel as complex multifactorial disease in which bacterial, viral, mycoplasma and fungal infections combine with other predisposing factors such as rearing systems, stress factors, climatic changes, and unhygienic conditions. Identification of the pneumonic pathogens in the present work cleared that Staph. aureus, was the most pneumonic bacteria isolated from lung tissue at rate of 18.75%