Assessment of the Plasma Levels of Lipid Peroxidation Product, Lipid Profile and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes among Sudanese with Type 2 Diabetes-A Study in Khartoum State, Sudan

Abstract

A cross-sectional study conducted during the period from November 2008 to June 2011 to determine and to evaluate the plasma lipid peroxidation product Thio Barbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), catalase, superoxide dismutase and lipid profile in Sudanese with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two hundred Sudanese with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as a test group from Jabir AbuElizz Diabetes Centre in Khartoum state, Sudan. The test group was compared with a control group which included 100 apparently healthy volunteers. Blood specimens were collected from both groups and plasma levels of TBARS, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), in addition to fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined. Age and gender of the test group were matched with the control group. TBARS, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were measured using chemical methods from Cayman Chemical Company and ELISA reader. Autoanalyzer with commercial kits from Biosystem Company and spectrophotometeric methods were used for measuring plasma glucose, plasma total cholesterol, plasma HDLc, plasma LDLc, plasma triglycerides and HbA 1C. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 11.5) computer software was used for data analysis. Results of this study indicated that, there is significant increase in the means of the plasma levels of TBARS and catalase activity with significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, in addition to significant increase in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDLc, triglycerides and HDLc of the test group when compared with the control group. Results of the present study showed significant elevation of the mean of plasma levels of TBARS, significant reduction in the mean of plasma activity of catalase and insignificant differences in the mean of plasma activity of superoxide III dismutase among diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease when compared with those without ischemic heart disease. Results of the present study showed insignificant differences in the mean of plasma levels of TBARS, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity among diabetic patients with diabetic septic foot when compared with those without diabetic septic foot. Also the results of the current study showed significant decrease in the mean of plasma levels of malondialdehyde, significant increase in the mean of plasma activity of superoxide dismutase and in significant differences in the mean of plasma activity of catalase among diabetic patients with multivitamins supplementations when compared with those without multivitamins supplementations. Results of present study indicated that, there was significant increase in the means of the plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDLc, triglycerides and HDLc of the test group when compared with the control group. Results of present study showed significant increase in the mean of plasma levels total cholesterol, LDLc, triglycerides and HDLc among diabetic patients with hypertension, diabetic septic foot and eye problem when compared with those without hypertension, diabetic septic foot and eye problem consecutively, also the results showed significant increase in the mean of plasma levels total cholesterol, LDLc and insignificant differences in the mean of plasma level HDLc in diabetic patients who receive lipid lowering drugs when compared with diabetic patients not receive lipid lowering drug. The present study showed significant week positive correlations between plasma levels of malondialdehyde and HbA1c, in addition to no significant correlation between plasma levels of TBARS with fasting blood glucose and superoxide dismutase in diabetic patients. Also the result of present study showed significant week negative correlation between plasma activity of catalase and plasma level of TBARS, in addition to non significant correlation between plasma levels of IV TBARS with plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDLc, triglycerides and HDLc consecutively in diabetic patients. The present study showed week negative correlation between the plasma activity of catalase and HbA1c, and has no significant correlation with the levels of fasting blood glucose with both plasma activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. There is significant correlation between plasma activity of superoxide dismutase and HbA1c in the diabetic patients. The present study also showed a significant moderate positive correlation between fasting blood glucose and the HbA1C. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the plasma levels of TBARS is one of the important marker for the evaluation of ischemic heart diseases, because it is significantly increased in diabetics with ischemic heart diseases and this lipid peroxidation product is correlated to glycation control more than to lipids levels, as TBARS has significant positive correlation with HbA1c, whereas it has non significant correlation with lipid profile.