Bio- security and Associated Risk Factors in Khartoum Poultry farm

Abstract

Poultry represents an important sector in animal’s production especially in developing countries. These countries raise poultry to meet food demands and as sources of incomes. Bio-security and quarantine are integral part of any successful poultry production. Bio-security can be defined as the execution, eradication and effecting management of risk posed by pests and diseases to the economy, environment and human health (Bio-security council 2003). This study occurs in Khartoum state (Khartoum city – Khartoum Bahry city and Omdurman city) from period May 2014 to May 2015; by using cross-sectional survey studies method. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of potential risk factor that cause contamination and bio security measures in Khartoum poultry Farms. Questionnaire is used to collect the information about farm characteristics, bio-security measures and husbandry practices on 108 premises (44 layers, 57 broiler farm and 6 farms breeds, 1 are mixing farm). The data collection is analyzed by using statistical analysis (SPSS) program (frequency table and chi-square). In frequency table appears a number of farms personal are not properly adapted the bio security measure in their farms 49% say yes answer when asked if their farms are affected with a disease pathogen and by using a chi-square. The most significant risk factors for infection are, distance of farm from the main roads, p-value (.000), type of chicken (.000), distance between the houses (.034), structure of the farm design (.000), farm has all in all out policy (.000), distance to nearest farm (.000), Have different species (.000), Isolation of diseases bird (.000), the existence of a quarantine area (.012), Hygiene score (.000), Timely vaccination (.000), Pest control (.000). These are the significant risk factors regardless of poultry species involved. Other significant risks factor includes Present of parking (.021), Water washing in gate (.000) Using the disinfection in foot path (.000), Have warning sign (.000), Production personal warring protective clothing (.000), , Protection of bulk feed from wild bird (.000), Cleaning of bulk feed (.000), Cleaning of water system (.000). Factors that are not significantly associated with infection include: Have bulk feed (.083), Use protective cloth and boot to visitor (.124), Number of houses (.256), Management system (.336), Disease affected your farm (.847), Source of water treating (1.00), Workers shower before handling poultry product (.441). The result suggests that an important factor contributes to rapid early spread of a virus infection among commercial poultry farms during the outbreak and disposal of dead birds via rendering off farm, because of the highly infectious nature of virus and divesting economic impact of outbreaks.