HbA1c Level Compared to Fasting and Random Blood Glucose Level in Sudanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

This is a cross sectional and case control study during the period from February to June 2013 to evaluate the level of HbA1c in type2 diabetic patients compared to fasting and random blood glucose. HbA1c test was determined by using Nyco Card Reader II (automated analyzer) with Nyco Card kits and glucose test (fasting and random plasma glucose) were determined by spectrophotometric semi-automated analyzer. With bio system kits reagents. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS computer system with (p. value≤ 0.05) considered significant and ANOVA – One way was used for comparison between groups of diabetes mellitus patients with (p. value ≤ 0.05). The study was done in one hundred and twenty Sudanese patients with type2 Diabetes Mellitus (67 males and 53 females) as case groups and forty Sudanese apparently healthy individuals (21 males and 19 females) as control groups were enrolled in this study. The mean of the age (31 ± 14) range (31-75 years). Case and control groups ware matched for age. Statistical results showed they are high significant of the mean of HbA1c levels in Sudanese patients with type2 Diabetes Mellitus the (mean ± SD) (9.852 ± 2.6433) compared with control groups the (mean ± SD) (4.478 ± 0.4902) with (P. value= 0.00). Fasting and Random Plasma Glucose also increased (mean ± SD) of Fasting Plasma Glucose (204.48 ± 53.503) compared with control groups (86.00 ± 6.214) with (P. value= 0.00) and random plasma glucose (333.64 ± 93.302) when it compared with control groups (112.78 ± 5.535) with (P. value= 0.00). Statistical analysis explained they are high significant comparison of the HbA1c levels in reference to age between groups in Sudanese patients with type2 Diabetes Mellitus the (mean ± SD) (7.913 ± 1.6474)(11.089 ± 1.7803)(12.917 ± 1.6375) with (p. value =0.00). The results also showed high significant comparison of the Fasting Plasma Glucose levels in reference to age between groups in Sudanese patients with type2 Diabetes Mellitus the (mean ± SD) (173.30 ± 36.525)(226.43 ± 48.366)(250.48 ± 49.033) with (p. value =0.00) . Beside that showed high significant comparison of the Random Plasma Glucose levels in reference to age between groups in Sudanese patients with type2 Diabetes Mellitus the (mean ± SD) (271.97 ± 72.038) (372.86 ± 64.641)(431.43 ± 58.076) with (p. value =0.00). The study result told us they are significant high positive correlation coefficient between HbA1c and duration of diabetes mellitus with (r=0.828 and P. value=0.10). The study also shows significant positive correlation between duration of diabetes mellitus and plasma levels of Fasting Blood Glucose with (r=0.727 and P. value=0.10). The study also shows significant positive correlation between duration of diabetes mellitus and plasma levels of Random Blood Glucose with (r=0.787 and P. value=0.10). The study observed that the patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 increase the level of HbA1c ,Fasting and Random Plasma Glucose also increased in age and duration of Diabetes Mellitus. HbA1c test was significantly can be used as biochemical panel during a clinic visit to identify poorly controlled and monitoring and to avoid long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. But HbA1c test cannot replacement the Fasting and Random Plasma Glucose test for monitoring the levels of glucose in the blood.