Evaluation of Renal Changes in Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients using Ultrasound and Laboratory Findings

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are considered the main causes of chronic renal failure in Sudan. These diseases may lead to some renal changes in morphology and function, so they need special care. The aim of this study was to correlate ultrasound findings with lab values in early detection of the disease. The study was conducted in Khartoum state during the period from July 2012 to February 2016. Two hundred and one patients were included in the study; they were divided into three groups: 59 (29.4 %) in diabetic group (DM), 41(20.4%) in hypertensive group (HTN) and 101 (50.2%) in diabetic-hypertensive group (DMHTN). Hundred participants were included in the control group. All patients had been scanned with ultrasound for measuring renal dimensions and cortical thickness bilaterally and to characterize renal echogenicity. A data collection sheet was designed to include general information of the patient, ultrasound findings and lab values for (serum creatinine, BUN and eGFR). The study revealed that, there were significant differences between the normal group and the other groups in renal dimensions and volume and significant differences among (DM, HTN, and DM-HTN). Inconclusive results were found in cortical thickness cortical and echogenicity among the mentioned groups. Renal function damage was detected only by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The study showed that 67 (33%) were normal, 93 (46%) had mild reduction, 39 (19.4) had moderate reduction and 2 (1.0%) had severe reduction in renal function. In conclusion, the study revealed that, ultrasound cannot detect renal function loss earlier before lab investigations.