Influence of Smoking on Serum Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein CholesterolLevels among Sudanese Male Smokers in Khartoum State

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is widely spread throughout the world and the effects of smoking on human health are serious. This is a case control study was done in Khartoum state during February to March 2015, to evaluate serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in male smokers. Sixty smokers were enrolled as test group and forty non smokers as control group (age was matched) (16 – 65 years), blood specimens were collected from both groups and serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were analyzed by using enzymatic methods. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS,the results showed significant increase in cholesterol concentration compared with control group (p=0.000) ,and significant decrease in HDLc level compared with control group (p=0.000), and significant increase in LDLc level compared with control group (p=0.052). The results also showed insignificant weak positive correlation between cholesterol concentration and age, insignificantweak negativecorrelation between HDLc concentration and age,and insignificant weak positive correlation between LDLc concentration and age (p=0.179,r=0.176); (p=0.067,r=-0.238); (p =0.233 ,r=0.156) respectively. Statistical analysis also showed insignificant weak positive correlation between cholesterolwith duration of smoking per year,insignificantvery weak positive correlation between LDLc concentration with duration of smoking per year, and insignificant very weak negative correlation between HDLc concentration with duration of smoking per year (p=0.091, r=0.220); (p=0.463, r=0.096); (p=0.349, r=-0.123) respectively. Statistical analysis also showed insignificant very weak positivecorrelation between cholesterol concentration and LDLc concentration with number of cigarette per day,but showed significant weak negativecorrelation between HDLc concentration and number of cigarette per day (p=0.774, r=0.038); (p=0.774, r=0.038); (p=0.052, r=- 0.253) respectively. The study results revaled that smoking habit leads to significant increase in serum cholesterol level,significant decrease in serum HDL cholesterol level, and significant elevation in serum LDL cholesterol level compare to non smokers.. Results also revealed insignificant weak positivecorrelation between cholesterol and LDLc concentration and age, insignificant weak negativecorrelation between HDLc concentration and age,and insignificantweak positive correlation between cholesterolwith duration of smoking, insignificantvery weak positive correlation between LDLc concentration with duration of smoking, and insignificant very weak negative correlation between HDLc concentration with duration of smoking.Finally, results showed insignificant very weak positivecorrelation between cholesterol concentration and LDLc concentration with number of cigarette per day,but showed significant weak negative correlation between HDLc concentration and number of cigarette per day .