Survey of the Asian Fruit Fly (Bactrocera invadens, Drew, and White) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and Efficacy of two Plant Extracts against the Adults Fly

Abstract

The first aim of this study was to monitor and survey the fruit fly species in an area north of Khartoum North Locality, during the period from January 2015 up to April 2015. A Survey was carried out using, the pheromone traps (Methyl Eugenol) and bait traps (guava juice), in the three areas in the Locality, Elkadaroo, Elfaki Hashim and Elkhogalab. The survey results showed that, there are two species of fruit flies , the Asian fruit fly (Bactrocera invadens Drew, and White), which was the dominant species (99.4%), in addition to the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) , which was found in a little population(124 flies only).The second aim of this study was to investigate, through Laboratory experiments, the effect of seed ethanolic extracts of Cassia occidentalis L. (Coffee senna), and Ricinus Communis L. (Castor) on the adult Asian fruit fly (B. invadens Drew, and White) (Diptera: Tephritide). In this study four concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of Coffee Senna and Castor ethanolic seeds extract were used against the Asian fruit fly by using topical application and feeding methods, and the result taken after 24, 48, and 72hr. The results showed that, all tested concentrations of both plants caused higher mortality percentage when compared to control.From the results, there are no significant differences between three concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) of Castor after 72 hrs after exposure in topical application, while the highest concentration (20%) of Coffee senna seeds extract gave the higher mortality (90%) showed significant differences when compared with same highest concentration (20%) of Castor extract which gave only 63.3%. Also there are no significant differences between the highest concentration (20%) of Coffee senna extract and the standardinsecticide (Malathion) in topical application, while there are significant differences between the same concentration (20%) of Coffee senna extract and the standard insecticide (Malathion) in feeding method. These results suggest that the topical method of application was more effective than feeding method, and Coffee Senna extract was highly effective than Castor extract. .