Ultrasound Findings Of Early EffectsManfestantions of Schistosma Haematobium In Sudanese Patients

Abstract

The advent of the portable ultrasound machine facilitated epidemiological studies on the pathological impact of both intestinal and urinary Schistosomiasis. Ultrasound had. been utilized as one of the investigation methods for revealing the longstanding chronic infections and evaluation of mass chemotherapy programs. however III this has been done mostly with Schistosoma mansion, with few studies concentrating on haematobium and this has left a deficit in the understanding of the pathogenesis of such urinary parasite. The demonstration of Schistosoma signs on the kidneys, ureters and the urinary bladder by ultrasound examination is valuable and useful. In this investigation, ultrasound has been employed to investigate two endemic areas with urinary Schistosomiasis, for establishing a systemic way of investigation of the U.T. in such patients. In the study. 83 samples were selected from Kiryiab agricultural Scheme (Khartoum State) and 80 from the AL- Rahad area (Kordofan State). And 50 samples as a control group. Urine samples were collected from all individual for microscopic examination utilizing sedimentation technique. Routine UT. ultrasound technique was used to scan the urinary bladder, ureters, and the IV kidneys using necessary patient’s preparation. These organs showed acute, intermediate and severe chronic changes, which could be used to evaluate the severity of the disease, the needed necessary management, effectiveness of the treatment used and the need for further follow up. The obtained data were subjected to relevant statistical techniques and a specially designed scoring system was adopted. These two ways revealed very useful findings about the effects of the disease on the lower and upper parts of the U.T. Such findings might be used for further investigation on the surveyed patients as well as on longitudinal surveys in the community for monitoring the appearance, disappearance and reappearance of ultrasound signs of infection and the monitory of more complications like severe impairment of the U.T. function or development of bladder cancer. V ‫‪used with laboratory investigations‬‬ ‫,‪such as microscopic urine‬‬ ‫‪immunological and histopathological‬‬ ‫‪examinations, as well as tumor‬‬ ‫‪marker tests. The investigation‬‬ ‫‪recapitulated that the ultrasound is a‬‬ ‫-‪powerful, cheap, non-invasive, non‬‬ ‫‪costive, less time consuming and‬‬ ‫‪rather a pleasant tool to‬‬ ‫‪demonstrate the structural morbidity‬‬ ‫.‪(acute or chronic) caused by S‬‬ ‫.‪haematobium‬‬ ‫‬