Prevalence and Risk factors of Bovine Paramphistomiasis in Khartoum Bahri locality, Khartoum State, Sudan

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 330 of cattle in Kadaru slaughter house in Khartoum state, Sudan, during winter (December 2014 and January 2015). The objectives of study were to estimate the prevalence of paramphistomiasis in cattle and to investigate the potential risk factors associated with the disease. The overall of cattle prevalence was found to be 12.7% when tested by fecal sedimentation test. The prevalence of the infection according to the age was 11% in animals equal and less than two years and 13.3% more than two years. The prevalence according to the sex was 33.3% female and 11.3% male. The prevalence according to the breed of the animals was 12.2% for local and 16.7% for cross. The prevalence according to the body condition was 12.1% for good condition and 42.9% for bad condition. The prevalence according to the source of the animals was 12.7% from Niala and 12.9% from East States and the prevalence according to the Fasciola infection was 66.7%. Univariate analysis using the Chi-square, with confidence intervals of 95% at a p-value ≤0.25 was used to identify potential risk factors associated with fecal sedimentation test- positivity for paramphistomiasis infection in bovine. Significant positive risk factors associated with fecal sedimentation in the univariate analysis, there were found to be sex (x² = 8.573, p-value = 0.003), body condition(x² = 5.845, p-value = 0.016), Fasciola(x² = 7.930, p-value = 0.005). There were also significant risk factors associated with fecal sedimentation positive in the multivariate analysis. The multivariate analysis, using logistic regression, with a confidence intervals 95% p-value 0.05 was used to assess the association between identified significant risk factors in the univariate analysis in a combination towards a positive fecal sedimentation test status for VIII paramphistomiasis infection in bovine, the analysis showed association between the paramphistomiasis infection in bovine and sex (Exp (B) = 3.627) that means the infection in females equal 3.627 times in males, in body condition (Exp (B) = 1.057) that means the infection in bad condition equal 1.057 times in a good condition and fasciola (Exp (B) = 0.084) that means the infection in positive cases of fasciola equal 0.084 times in negative cases of the fasciola . It could be concluded that the potential risk factors (sex, body condition and fasciola) were showed highly significant association with paramphistomiasis infection.