Studies on Clinical, Aetiological and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mastitis in She-camel Camelus dromedarius in Butana area, Sudan

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the types of clinical mastitis among camel herds reared in Butana region. The effects of season, age, stage of lactation, number of calving on occurrence of mastitis causative agents and antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial isolates from mastitic she-camel were included. The study also involved treatment trial in Tamboul area for selected cases of acute and chronic mastitis. The occurrence of clinical mastitis among 319 milking camels during both summer and winter were found at the rate of 9.09% (29 case). Among camels with anti-suckling devices 69% (20 case) were found to be mastitic. Tick infestation which causes teat lesions was also found to increase risk to mastitis. Three forms of clinical mastitis were diagnosed according to the obvious clinical signs and the visible alteration of milk. Chronic form was of the highest occurrence (72.41%) followed by acute form (24.14%) and the least was the gangrenous form (3.45%). The highest occurrence of clinical mastitis was found at the age between 11-15 years (65.52%). Few incidence of mastitis were detected in first stage of lactation (17%) and increased at the middle stage (28%) and the highest was found at late stage of lactation (55%). This study revealed that there was a direct relationship between number of calving and the occurrence of clinical mastitis. The highest incidence of clinical mastitis was found at the first, second and third calving (65.52%). The percentage of isolated Gram positive bacteria from clinical mastitis was 81.08% and Gram negative bacteria were 18.92%. The predominant isolated organism was Staphylococcus spp. (37.8%) followed by E.coli (18.9%), Streptococcus spp. (13.5%), Bacillus spp. (10.8%), Micrococcus spp. (8.1%), Corynebacterium spp. (5.4%) and Salmonella spp. (5.4%). IXThe antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolated bacteria generally showed high susceptibility to the most of the examined antimicrobial agents. There was high sensitivity to Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Cloxacillin and Amikacin, moderate sensitively to Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Trimoxazole and the greatest resistance was found with Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. The treatment trial for mastatic cases showed that the most effective antimicrobial drugs for camel mastitis was Pen&Strep®( Procaine Penicillin, Dihydrostreptomycin Sulphare)