Association of High Risk Human Papilloma Virus with Immune Expression of Mutated p53 and Rb Proteins among Sudanese Patients with Oral Lesions

Abstract

This is a descriptive Cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum state during the period January 2012- January 2015. The study was aiming at assessing the association of high risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) with Immune expression of mutated p53 and Rb proteins among Sudanese patients with Oral Lesions. The presence of HRHPV was investigated in 200 patients with oral lesions their ages ranging from 14 to 85 years with a mean of 43 year, (100 were patients with oral cancer and remaining 100 patients with non-neoplastic oral lesions). DNA materials were extracted from tissue sample, then were investigated for the presence of HRHPV by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and the presence of tumor suppressor genes mutations by Immunohistochemical method. Out of the 200 patients, 12/200(6%) were found with HR-HPV infection of which, 10/12 (83.3%) were among oral cancer and the remaining 2/12 (16.7%) among benign group. Of the 12 HPV types: 6/12(50%) HPV16, 4/12(34%) HPV18, 1/12(8%) HPV31 and 1/12(8%) HPV33. The frequencies of patients with oral cancer were increasing with the increase of age. Hence, those with benign oral lesions. The frequencies of ages of patients were decreasing with the increase of age. Males to female’s ratio was 1.38:1.0. Both females and males have a relatively similar distribution amongst benign lesions; however, malignant lesions were more frequently seen among males compared to females. For immune expression of P53 and Rb were identified in 34 and 25 patients of oral cancer. No mutations found in benign lesions, and the relation to HPV, out of 34, 3 positive p53 mutation, out of 25 only one positive Rb mutation. The association of HR-HPV with oral squamous cell carcinoma shown statistically significant difference, as well as p53 and Rb mutations (P.value: <0.05). There is no statistically significant association between HPV infection and tumor suppressor genes mutations in oral cancer. In conclusion HPV is risk factor for occurrence oral cancer, which should be considered in prevention strategy in oral cancer in Sudan. The existing scientific finding suggested p53 and Rb mutations may play a role in the development of oral cancers in Sudan which require further investigation in this context.