Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Fascioliasis in Cattle Slaughtered in White Nile State _ Sudan

Abstract

An abattoir survey was conducted on 212 cattle slaughtered at El-Dueim abattoir, White Nile State, Sudan, during the period from July 2015 to September 2015 . The objective was to estimate prevalence of Bovine Fasciolasis and to investigate risk factor associated with the disease. Routine meat inspection procedure was employed to detect the presence of Fasciola in liver. Faecal materials were collected in to polythene bags directly from the rectum of each of the cattle being sampled after they had been slaughtered.The examined cattle originated from two areas: White Nile and Kurdofan . The prevalence of Fasciola infection according to the source of animal: White Nile 41%, and Kurdofan 48.5%. The prevalence distribution of Fasciolasis according to the age of animal was: that young animal (≤2year) 38%, and 51.1% in old animal (>2years) .The prevalence distribution of Fasciolasis according to the treatment against the disease was: 44.2%in animal treated 42.6%in animal not treated according to the owner saied not treatmen. The prevalence of Fasciolasis according to the present of animals in water body area were: 58.6% and 25%in animals those were not present in water body area .The prevalence of Fasciolasis in breed of animal were 38.8% Kenana, 51.2%in Baggara.The prevalence of Fasciolasis in good body condition of animal 28.3%, and 78% in animal with poor body condition. The prevalence of Fasciolasis in animal life in present of snail in area was 64.7%, and 23.6% in animal in area without snails. The prevalence of Fasciolasis in female was 42.1%, and 44.1% in male. The prevalence of Fasciolasis in closed grazing was 26.3%, and 47.1% in opened grazing area. The result of the univariate analysis by using the chi-square for the following potential risk factors were: age (p-value≥ 0.059 not significant), sex (pix value≥0.78 not significant), source of animal (p-value ≥0.315 not significant), treatment (pvalue≥0.81 not significant),body condition (p-value≤ 0.00 highly significant),breed of animal(p-value≥ 0.08 not significant), grazing (p-value≤0.019 significant), present of snails (p-value ≤0.00 highly significant), and present of water body (p-value≤0.00 highly significant). The grazing, body condition, present of snails, present of water body were found to be significantly associatially with Fasciolasis. Using multivariate analysis to determine possible significant association between Fasciolasis and potential risk factor, the result showed that there was significant association between body condition (0.00), and present of snails(0.012) with Fasciolasis. On conclusion the study showed that the overall prevalence of Fasciola infection in cattle slaughtered in El-Dueim slaughter house was 43.4% and mainly caused by Fasciola gigantica.