Abstract:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polluted groundwater , soil, fodder with heavy metals and trace elements such as (Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Manganese(Mn) in safety of cattle, sheep, goat and camel meat raised at Tambol area. Samples of groundwater, soil, fodder, animals meat tissues, vital organs ( liver, kidney and heart ) and blood serum were randomly collected to detect heavy metals traces by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS).The levels of heavy metals in the muscle, liver, kidney and heart of cattle ,sheep ,goat and camel was ranged as Chromium : ( 0.12 - 0.35 mg/kg) , Nickel: ( 0.09 - 0.21 mg/kg ) , Zinc (3.84 - 11.74 mg/kg) Iron: (3.25 - 10.80 mg/kg) ,Lead: ( 0.44 – 1.36 mg/kg) and Manganese: ( 0.07 - 0.28mg/kg). Whereas the concentrations of heavy metals and trace element in blood serum were ranged as Chromium : ( 0.40 - 0.55 mg/kg) , Nickel: ( 0.11 - 0.14 mg/kg ) , Zinc (0.57 – 0.87 mg/kg) Iron: (0.28 – 0.73 mg/kg) ,Lead: ( 0.04 – 0.37 mg/kg) and Manganese: ( 0.51 - 0.63 mg/kg) . While the means concentrations of heavy metals and trace element in groundwater , soil and fodder were as follows: Chromium : ( 0.003, 0.31 and 0.00 mg/kg) , Nickel: ( 0.002, 0.47 and 0.00 mg/kg ) , Zinc (0.02, 1.24 and 4.32 mg/kg) Iron: (0.01, 41.26 and 13.51 mg/kg) ,Lead: ( 0.01, 1.23 and 0.00 mg/kg) and Manganese: ( 0.01, 12.5 and 1.22 mg/kg) in groundwater, soil and fodder respectively. The results revealed that there was significant different at (p ≤ 0.05) between different animals species in muscle Iron content, liver chromium, nickel, iron and manganese. The statistical analysis showed significant different at (p<0.05) in iron and manganese content in heart of different animals species. Blood serum of different animals showed significant different at (p<0.05) in chromium, zinc, iron and lead content .All elements under investigation were showed significant different at (p<0.05) in groundwater, soil and fodder.
Generally, livers and kidneys showed the highest metals content whereas heart showed the lowest content. Significant positive and negative correlation was observed in concentration of metals between meat tissues and soil. Regarding the meat safety and quality, chromium, zinc, iron and Lead concentrations in meat and vital organs were found to exceed the limits of EC (2008) and WHO&FAO (2011). While the concentrations of all metals under investigation in ground water, soil and fodder were below the recommended limits of WHO and FAO.
