Assessment of Uterine Condition of She Camels During Early Stages of Pregnancy

Abstract

This study was conducted during the period 2014 to 2017 at the three sites of concern Tambol slaughter houses , Camel Research Center, of the university of Khartoum and Veterinary Research Division -National Research Center(Cairo–Egypt). The aims of the present study were: (1) to assess the ovarian activity, (2)determination of the position of the fetus, Follicles and C.L in each uterine horn and ovaries in slaughted she camel., (3)induction of estrus cycle in she camels during non-breeding season by hormone ( PMSG , HCG ),(4) and Assessing the reproductive hormonal levels ( P4,E2 ,T3 , T4,Cortisol ) during the early stage of pregnancy ( 1 – 3 months ). Experiments one eight five of slaughtered pregnant and fifteenth non pregnant she camels uteri were collected for this study . The results of this study showed that all fetues in pregnant she camels were found in the left horn(100%) while the number of corpora luetia located in left, right and both(left and right) ovaries(23, 52,10) prorate (27)% ,( 61.2)% and (11.7)% receptively . The results of this investigation also showed that there were no significant differences between empty and pregnant slaughtered she camel ovaries in length of right and left ovaries and there no significance between right and left in length of ovaries in pregnant slaughtered she camel but there were significant differences(P≤ 0.05) between empty and pregnant slaughtered she camel ovaries in width of right ovary and significant differences between right and left ovaries in weight and width in pregnant slaughtered she camel ovaries. While there were high significant differences between empty and pregnant slaughtered she camel ovaries in width(P≤ 0.01) of left ovary ,in weight(P≤ 0.02) of right and left ovaries, in length(P≤ 0.00) between right and left horn. The results also showed high significant differences (P≤ 0.00) between right and left horn length in pregnant slaughtered were. Experiments two the experiment animals was divided into three groups Group (A) control group(3 animals), Group (B) (3 animals) treated by HCG(3000 IU) and Group (C) (5 animals) treated by PMSG (1000IU). The results showed that significant (P≤ 0.05) differences in the number and size of the ovarian follicles in the left and right ovaries before and after hormonal injection. The result of this investigation also showed that the proportion of ovaries activity in the right ovaries before, after hormone injected and in natural estrus were 28.5,57.5,100% respectively . Which the proportion of activity in left ovaries before, after hormone injected and in natural estrus was 0, 15,33% respectively. Also the present study indicated that the proportion of ovaries inactivity before, after the hormonal treatment and in natural estrus in right ovaries were 71.5, 42.5, 0% receptively . While the left ovaries inactivity before, after the hormonal treatment and in natural estrus proportion were 100,85, 66.5 % receptively. The result, of Ultrasonographic examination in this study reported that the percentage of the fetus (The confirmation of the fetus after fertilization ,20days before implantation and monthly after pregnancy) and corpus leuteia existed in both left horn and the right ovaries was(84.5%). The pregnancy and nonpregnancy proportions were 54.5, 45.5% receptively, and for pregnancy proportions between treated animal and natural estrus animal was 50, 50 % receptively while the parturition and abortion rate for the experimental animal were (85.5,14.5 ) receptively. The results of this study displayed that there were highly significant differences between the three groups in the induction of ovulation (P≤ 0.05). In the PMSG group the maximum number of ovarian follicles was found in the right ovary and the average size before injection was 2.9 cm and it was increased to 3.8 after injection , ovulation occurred in the right ovary. In addition to the obvious estrus sign after 2 day post injection of PMSG. In HCG group one of three females treated with HCG came into estrous after 5 days post injection and the number of ovarian follicles in the right ovary after injection was more than the before injection in right ovary and size of ovarian follicles after injection was more than size of ovarian follicles before injection. The present study illustrated that the average size of follicle in the control group was 3cm in the right ovary and ovulation occurred in the right ovary. In the present study the best ovulation ratio before the hormonal treatment occurred when the follicles size measured about 0.7 –3cm. Blood sample was collected from the jugular veinof the experimental animal before and after treated by hormone or after natural estrous to analyze concentrations of steroid hormones including estradiol -17 (E2), progesterone (P4), Try iodo-thyronin (T3) and thyroxin (T4) and cortisol. Determination of hormone by ELISA was done in the Veterinary Research Division-National Research Center-Cairo–Egypt. The results were showed that there were no significant differences in T3,T4and P4 hormones between control, PMSG and HCG group while there high significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in E2 and cortisol hormones between control, PMSG and HCG group, were recorded.