Evaluation of Radiation Dose in Vascular Interventional Cardiology

Abstract

Cardiac catheterization is an interventional procedure used for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary arteries diseases. Patients are exposed to prolong radiation exposure during the procedure. Tissue reaction (erythema) effects are now well documented as one of the serious complications of extended radiation exposure procedures. Radiation dose up to 479.88Gy.cm2 were reported. Therefore, accurate dose optimization is recommended to keep the radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable. This study aimed to measure radiation and effective doses of the patients during three types of cardiac catheterization. A total of 346 patients were examined for different clinical indication in this study including [(187 Diagnostic Coronary Angiographic (DCA) (54%), 118 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) (34.1%), and 41 Pacemaker (PM) (11.9%)]. WMHC: 188 patients; compromise 54.3% from the total number of patients, its distribution as: 97 DCA (51.6 %), 59 PCI (31.4%), and 32 PM (17%), SHC: 110 patients; compromise 31.8% from the total number of patients, its distribution as: 63 DCA (57.3%), 42 PCI (38.2%), and 5 PM (4.5%), FSH: 48 patients; compromise 13.9% from the total number of patients, its distribution as: 27 DCA (56.3%), 17 PCI (35.4%), and 4 PM (8.3%). Calibrated X-ray machines were used to perform all the procedures. Patient dose measurements were performed using Dose Area Product (DAP) meter. The mean and range of patient age (year), weight (kg), and height were 49.2 (0.04-85) and 88.1(1-179), and 109.9 (46-183) respectively. While the mean and range exposure parameters were 81.5(53-125) kVp, 444.2 (61.6-898) mA and 4.3 (0.016-8) s for tube potential, tube current and time, respectively. The mean and range of the number of films per procedure is 8.3 (1-47) and the mean and range of the mean fluoroscopic time was 6.6 (0.33-57.03) min. The mean and range of the number of frames per procedure was 475.78(5-2434). The mean cumulative average dose (CAD) was 36.94 (0.1225-479.88) Gy.cm2. Patients exposed to different dose values based on their clinical indications. Although, no patients developed tissue reaction effect, optimization of patient doses in important especially for young patients. Patients exposed to different dose values based on their clinical indications. Although, no patients developed tissue reaction effect, optimization of patient doses in important especially for young patients.