Study of Velocitymetry of Opthalmic Artery In Diabetic Pregnant Patients

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess velocitymetry of opthalmic artery in type(1)diabetic pregnant ladies and to characterize the ophthalmic artery perfusion in smoker pregnant ladies, diabetic pregnant ladies and smoker diabetic pregnant ladies using Doppler indices and to compare with normal healthy pregnancy. Ultrasound examination for both eyes were obtained , Color Doppler Ultrasound High-frequency transducer 7.5MHZ , Voluson E6 machine was used in Al-Amin and Al- Ousrah poly clinic-Taif in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a data collection sheets. Data analyzed by )SPSS( program Version (16). Pregnant ladies with eye disease or pregnancy abnormality or preeclampsia were excluded. In this study the sample was divided into two groups, group one, Inclusion criteria which included 15diabetic pregnant ladies, their ages ranged between (30-39), 14 healthy pregnant non diabetic ladies aged between (30-37), and 15 healthy non pregnant non diabetic subjects aged between (30-41) were selected as control group. group two subjects were divided into 4 groups: group 1 were normal healthy pregnant ladies (N=57) , group 2 were smokers pregnant ladies (N=44) ,group 3 were diabetic pregnant ladies (N=64),and group 4 were diabetic smoke pregnant ladies (N=71) ladies. The result of this study revealed that: Readings of Ophthalmic artery Doppler indices (resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI)) for type 1 diabetes ladies were found to be greater when compared with the control group values, and Mean Velocity (MV) was of lower values. The mean values ± SD were as follows: for right eye: resistive index, 1.3 ± 0.2 (P < .005 Control0.8 ± 0.1); pulsatility index, (3.6 ± 0.4 (P < .005Control1.6 ± 0.4); Mean Velocity (MV) 5.2 ± 1.1(P < .005 Control 8.4± 3.2). For left eye resistive index, 1.4 ± 0.2 (P < .005 Control 0.7 ± 0.1); pulsatility index, 3.3 ± 0.5 (P < .005Control 1.6 ± 0.3); Mean Velocity (MV) 5.7 ± 0.8 (P < .005 Control 8.5 ± 3.2). The correlations between the variables and gestational age in the two pregnant groups were studied and were compared with the control group and maternal treatment. The Doppler indices for right and left eyes differed significantly within the three trimesters for pregnant diabetic and pregnant non diabetic ladies when compared with the control group at p-value < 0.05 No significant difference was detected between the Doppler indices and the treatment taken as Diet Control, or insulin for type 1 diabetic pregnant ladies. Significant increasing in resistive index, pulsatility index in the right and left eyes in all groups at p≤0.000 except in smoker pregnant ladies p≤ 0.069 , the PI decreased in the third trimester, and the Mean Velocity decreased significantly with advancing gestational age. A significant differences were detected between norms and the three groups at p≤0.000 The study concluded that Color Doppler Ultrasonography is useful for assessing blood flow. Ophthalmic arteries Doppler Indices were affected significantly in pregnant ladies with or without type 1diabetes. Smoking provokes perfusion changes in ophthalmic artery in smoker pregnant ladies. Thus, there are signs of an Ophthalmic artery vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion . Ophthalmic artery blood flow velocity was decreased in diabetic pregnant ladies. The study suggested some recommendations and future studies which could be useful in this domain.