SURVEILLANCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN COMMERCIAL TABLE EGGS IN KHARTOUM STATE 2012

Abstract

A survey was conducted on a random sample of poultry farms of different management systems in February and March 2012, focusing on antibiotic uses and residues in commercial table eggs in Khartoum State being the leader in poultry production. The study also focused on knowledge on many factors pertaining to the study but mainly antibiotic uses, withdrawal period, rules and regulations and the impact on human health. Close-ended structured questionnaire on categoral variables was used and its validity was assessed by comparison with reliable criteria references. Information recorded was captured through direct interviews. Open ended questions unstructured interview was conducted in may 2012 in different locations including Ministry of Animal Resources, Fisheries and Pastures, Soba Central Laboratory, Sudanese Standards Metrological Organization, Pharmaceutical Companies and Pharmacies and National Medicine and Poisons Board-Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Registration Department. The interview was conducted to investigate on the injudicious use of antibiotics and the impact on both animal and human health. Descriptive statistics was analyzed by SPSS 17 and the categorical variables by ANOVA table. The main results abstracted from the study of the 30 farms random sample and of which 19 open housing, 6 semi closed 2 and 5 closed of which most 500 birds or more per house in all-in- all- out production systems are as follows:- · 73.3% were under veterinary supervision and 26.7% not being a considerable number. · 80% resort to veterinarians for dose assessment. · 60% of the study sample store drugs and medicines in stores in the farms. · For antibiotic use 90% of the farm used antibiotic in February and 93.3% in March 2012 and of all these 70% used water route. · For reasons of antibiotics uses 40% were for therapeutic reasons and 60% for both therapeutic and prophylactic reasons. · On the knowledge about the concept of withdrawal period 70% answered negatively and for selling products during drug administration 86.7% answered positively, about drug effect on consumer health 73.3% answered (No), for knowledge of egg quality 76.7%lacked knowledge and about passage of drug from the hen to the egg 60% had no knowledge. · About the knowledge of any regulations and/or rules, techniques controlling antibiotics uses in the industry 90% of the respondents answered "No". The study highlighted the non-judicious use of antibiotics and exposed ignorance and lack of awareness of misuse on animal and human health and absence of controlling regulations and rules