Assessment of Serum Levels of Cystatin C and Microalbuminuria in urine of Sudanese Hypertensive Patients- A study in Khartoum state

Abstract

This was a case-control and hospital based study, it was conducted for assessment of serum levels of cystatinC and microalbuminuria in the early detection of renal damage in hypertensive Sudanese patients. The study was done in Khartoum state during the period from Decembere 2010 to July 2012 ,the serum levels of cystatinC and microalbuminuria were measured in 176 samples were collected randomly from known hypertensive patients under treatments ( 82 males ,93 females ) their mean age was(57.1±14.8 years). Eih aghty eight samples of healthy individuals were selected as control( 41 males and 47 females) with age matched .Cystatin C was measured by human cystatin C ELISA and microalbuminuria was measured by NycocardU- Albumin. Asignificant rise in serum levels of cystatin C was found in hypertensive patients (n=176)(mean 1108.1 ng/ml, p <0.01) compared to control (n=88)(mean 296ng/ml). Also there was a significant rise in the level of microalbuminuria (mean125.3mg/l, p <0.01) compared to control group(mean 13.4mg/L). ). A significant rise of serum levels of C was found in hypertensive patients withoutother d isease n=132(mean 2011.6ng/ml,p=.02 ) compared to control mean (296 ng/ml) higher than those who developed kidney disease with hypertension n=44 (mean 1335ng/ml, p=.000) compared to control (mean 296 ng/ml)and also there was rise in levels of microalbuminuria in patientswhodeveloped kidney disease with hypertension n=44 (mean197mg/l, p=.000) c ompared to control(mean 13.4 mg/l) higher than those without other disease with hypertension ( mean 102 mg/l, p=.000) compared to control group (mean 13.4). There was a significant and moderate positive correlation between the serum levels of cystatin cand the age of hypertensivepatients(r=.57,p=.04) and weak positive correlation between serum levels of cystatin c and the duration of the disease in hypertensive patients(r=.424,p=.000). Asignificant and moderate positive correlation between microalbuminuria and the ages of patients (r=0.61, p=.03) and moderate positive correlation between microalbuminuria and the duration of hypertension in hypertensive patients(r=0.58,p=.000). Insignificant and week positive correlation between the mean blood s pressure and the levels of serum cystatin c in hypertensive patients(r=.123, p=.117) This study concluded that a significant rise in the serum level of cystatin C and microalbuminuria which may be considered as anew sensitive markers for early screening of kidney disease in hypertensive patients.