Measurement of Some Haematological Parameters in Diabetic Patient Attending Military Hospsital in Omdurman

Abstract

This is an analytical cross sectional study conducted during the period from March to May, 2012. The aim of this study is to determine the blood parameters in Sudanese patients with diabetes mellitus. Sixty patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus were informed about the study and agreement of participant was obtained. A questionnaire was used to collect data about sex, age, tribe, residence, medication administered and any other concurrent diseases. The type of diabetes was obtained from clinical and laboratory diagnosis. 30 healthy participants (neither affected by diabetes mellitus nor submitted to any medication for two months before the study took place) were also informed and their blood samples were collected and used as control. Blood samples (2.5ml) was taken from each patient in non-evacuated K3 EDTA anticoagulant containers. A fully automated sysmex KX21 (sysmex corporation; Mundelein, IIIinois. Sysmex America,Inc) was used for complete blood counting. The estimated hematological parameters in diabetic patient showed that the mean of hemoglobin was (12.7g/dL), mean red blood cells count (4.57×106cell/μL), white blood cells (6.57×103 cell/μL), hematochrit ( 41.4%), mean cell volume (84.9FL), mean cell hemoglobin (26.3pg), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (31.1%), platelets (241.0), lymphocytes (32.3%) and neutrophil (57.6%) in diabetic patients. Statistical analysis showed that the mean of total white blood cells and neutrophil were relatively higher (P value= 0.005 and 0.040) respectively than the normal control whereas the mean cell hemoglobin (p value=0.001) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (p value=0.000) were significantly lower than the control group, but there was no significant variation between patient and control group in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematochrit, mean cell volume, platelets and lymphocytes count (P values were 0.227, 0.170, 0.05, 0.491, 0.965, 0.243) respectively. Anemia was not common in diabetic patients and represents only 18.3% of cases. All cases were of microcytic hypochromic type. The most affected patients were of type I diabetes. When statistically compared between type I and type II, the results obtained showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin, Mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration in type 1 (p values were 0.020, 0.000, 0.000) over type II diabetic patients. The complete blood count of type I diabetics showed a significant decrease in mean hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration in comparison with control group (p values were 0.000, 0.000, 0.015) respectively whereas the mean of neutrophils showed a significant increase (p value= 0.012). In type II patients group compared to control group, the results expressed a significant increase in total white blood cells count (p value=0.019) but the rest of parameters were insignificantly affected. The mean of complete blood count for type I insulin dependent diabetes mellitus showed that red blood cells parameters were significantly decreased indicating a microcytic hypochromic anemia whereas only total white blood cells are affected (significantly increased) in case of type II.