Immunohistochemical Expression of P53 among Sudanese Toombak users with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

This is a retrospective case control study aimed to study the role of Toombak on deficiency of P53 among oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The study was conducted in the Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, during the period from December 2009 to October 2010. Sixty six formalin fixed, Paraffin wax embedded tissue blocks were selected from tissues of patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC) 24 patients were Toombak dippers and 42 patients were non dippers. Tissue sections were stained using EPOS immunohistochemical method for detection of P53 marker. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS computer program. A total of 66 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were investigated in this study, their ages ranged between 23 to 95 years with mean age of 59 years old Out of 66 patients with OSCCs, 39 (59.1%) patients were males and 27(40.9%) patients were females. P53 was expressed in 19 (49%) of males and 15 (56%) of females. Out of 34 patients, positive expression was demonstrated in 20 (58.8%) well differentiated OSCCs, 7 (20.6%) moderately differentiated OSCCs, and 7 (20.6%) poorly differentiated OSCCs, consequently of 32 negative expression, 19 (59.4%) were well differentiated OSCCs, 11 (34.4%) were moderately differentiated OSCCs, and 2 (6.2%) poorly differentiated OSCCs. Out of 34 patients, positive expression was demonstrated in 12 (35.3%) Toombak dipper patients and 22 (64.7%) non Toombak dippers, consequently of the 32 P53 negative expression, 12 (37.5%) were Toombak dippers and 20 (62.5%) were non Toombak dippers. These results show that P53 over expression is not affected by Toombak use or by patient sex, age, and histological grading of the tumor among Sudanese OSCCs patients.