Detection of Cytological changes associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis among patient attending Port-Sudan teaching hospital 2008-2009

Abstract

This case control, hospital base study carried out in tuberculosis department Port-Sudan teaching hospital red sea state, during the period from December 2008 to August 2009. The main objectives were to evaluate the association between tuberculosis infection and lung cancer using cytological techniques, and to compare the cytological appearance of sputum using different method of stains (Papanicolaou , may-Grunwald and Giemsa , haematoxylin and eosin stain). Sputum specimens were 200 samples collected from patient complaining from signs and symptoms of T.B infection and Z.N positive, this group constitute the case 100 sample, control group 100 sample were Z.N negative patient with symptoms of chest infection, The results obtained indicated tuberculosis causes change on the cells we found many cytological changes among case group ranged from metaplastic change 8%, micro nuclear change 64%, and chronic inflammatory changes28%. The quality of stains was as follows Papanicolaou stain scored the best result compare to the May-Grunwald Giemsa stain, and Harris’s Haematoxylin and Eosin, we conclude that according to our finding there was no malignant changes on sputum cytology among tuberculosis patients, we found many metaplastic change which is a pre malignant status the quality of Papanicolaou stain as method for sputum cytology is superior to other cytological stains May – Grunwald Giemsa gives acceptable results. The study recommended to screen T.B patient for cytological abnormalities and to conduct other study with larger sample size to confirm or refute our finding.