Determination of frequency and type of Red blood cells Allo-antibodies in multitransfused Sudanese patients in Khartoum state

Abstract

Blood transfusion is an integral part in management of diseases, and allogeneic blood transfusion is a form of temporary transplantation. A recipient often mounts an immune response to the donor antigens resulting in various clinical consequences including delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. The delayed reaction is often seen in individuals who have received repeated transfusion of compatible ABO blood group and incompatible for other blood group antigens, this study was carried out in Khartoum state during the period from May-2013 to June-2013to test allo-immunization against red blood cells among Sudanese multi-transfused patients. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of allo-antibodies in multi transfused patients; all of them were attending Jaafer Ibn Aouf pediatrics hospital during this period. Hundred samples were collected. ABO and Rh (D) blood groups were done. Antibodies screening and identification also were carried out by using tube technique method. The results showed red blood cells alloantibodies were detected in 12 cases (12%). The identified antibodies were anti-Kell was 4(33.3%), anti-E was 3(25%), anti-Cw was 2(16.7%), and anti-s was 2 (16.7%) and anti-lea was 1 (8.3%). Also the result revealed there was insignificant relationship between allo-immunization and sex, age and disease with p value (0.52, 0.10, 0.90) respectively. An insignificant relationship was found between allo-immunization and number of blood transfusion, ABO and Rh blood group system with p value (0.96, 0.29) respectively. But the number of blood transfusion is an important factor for increased allo-immunization in patients who receive multiple transfusions. This study concluded that the frequency of red blood cells alloantibodies of anti –Kell was the most common. The relationship of alloantibodies to many factors such as sex, age, ABO and Rh (D) blood group, disease and number of transfused was insignificant.